<i>ROSAT</i>Survey Diffuse X‐Ray Background Maps. II.

Snowden, S. L.; Egger, R.; Freyberg, M. J.; McCammon, D.; Plucinsky, Paul P.; Sanders, W. T.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Trümper, J.; Voges, W.

doi:10.1086/304399

Cited by 618 publications

(766 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The ROSAT X-rays map at 1.5 keV shows limb brightening [4], which agrees also with the recent SUZAKU measurements at 0.3 keV [13]. The Xrays emission is most likely thermal bremsstrahlung, although a synchrotron component from very high-energy electrons cannot be neglected.…”

Section: Some Key Features Of the Fermi Bubblessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The bubbles, whose origin still remains mysterious, extend up to ∼ 50 • in Galactic latitude and are ∼ 40 • wide in Galactic longitude. They are coincident with microwave emission measured by WMAP and Planck satellite experiments [2,3], share edges with X-rays emission measured by ROSAT telescope [4], and also associate with two giant radio lobes discovered by S-PASS survey [5].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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A possible origin of gamma rays from the Fermi Bubbles

Thoudam¹

2014

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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One of the most exciting discoveries of recent years is a pair of gigantic gamma-ray emission regions, the socalled Fermi bubbles, above and below the Galactic center. The bubbles, discovered by the Fermi space telescope, extend up to ∼ 50 • in Galactic latitude and are ∼ 40 • wide in Galactic longitude. The gamma-ray emission is also found to correlate with radio, microwave and X-rays emission. The origin of the bubbles and the associated non-thermal emissions are still not clearly understood. Possible explanations for the non-thermal emission include cosmic-ray injection from the Galactic center by high speed Galactic winds/jets, acceleration by multiple shocks or plasma turbulence present inside the bubbles, and acceleration by strong shock waves associated with the expansion of the bubbles. In this paper, I will discuss the possibility that the gamma-ray emission is produced by the injection of Galactic cosmic-rays mainly protons during their diffusive propagation through the Galaxy. The protons interact with the bubble plasma producing π • -decay gamma rays, while at the same time, radio and microwave synchrotron emissions are produced by the secondary electrons/positrons resulting from the π ± decays.

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Section: Some Key Features Of the Fermi Bubblessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

A possible origin of gamma rays from the Fermi Bubbles

Thoudam¹

2014

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

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“…Above and below the Galactic Center, the GB is also much brighter than the GH at high latitude (Snowden et al 1997) and is likely to be a major component to the X-ray emission in the MBM36 region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Interstellar Medium and the Inner Region of NPS/Loop 1 With Shadow Observations Toward Mbm36

Ursino

Galeazzi

Liu

2015

ApJ

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We analyzed data from a shadow observation of the high density molecular cloud MBM36 (l∼4°, b∼35°) with Suzaku. MBM36 is located in a region that emits relatively weakly in the 3/4 keV band compared to the surrounding North Polar Spur (NPS)/Loop 1 structure and the Galactic Bulge (GB). The contrast between high and low density targets in the MBM36 area allows one to separate the local and distant contributors to the soft diffuse X-ray background, providing a much better characterization of the individual components compared to single pointing observations. We identify two non-local thermal components, one at kT≈0.12 keV and one at kT≈0.29 keV. The colder component matches well with models of emission from the higher latitude region of the GB. The emission of the warmer component is in agreement with models predicting that the NPS is due to a hypershell from the center of the Milky Way. Geometrical and pressure calculations rule out a nearby bubble as responsible for the emission associated with the NPS. Any Galactic Halo/circumgalactic halo emission, if present, is outshined by the other components. We also report an excess emission around 0.9 keV, likely due to an overabundance of Ne IX.

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“…From the saturation argument of [36] as applied to Galaxy, and its interstellar medium (hot phase, detected by ROSAT, see [62], ASCA observations [18], RXTE measurements, [71]) we obtain estimates for the various currents and scales.…”

Section: Number Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Cosmic Magnetic Fields

Biermann

Galea

2003

The Early Universe and the Cosmic Microwave Background: Theory and Observations

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We propose that the overlapping shock fronts from young supernova remnants produce a locally unsteady, but globally steady large scale spiral shock front in spiral galaxies, where star formation and therefore massive star explosions correlate geometrically with spiral structure. This global shock front with its steep gradients in temperature, pressure and associated electric fields will produce drifts, which in turn give rise to a strong sheet-like electric current, we propose. This sheet current then produces a large scale magnetic field, which is regular, and connected to the overall spiral structure. This rejuvenates the overall magnetic field continuously, and also allows to understand that there is a regular field at all in disk galaxies. This proposal connects the existence of magnetic fields to accretion in disks.We not yet address all the symmetries of the magnetic field here; the picture proposed here is not complete. X-ray observations may be able to test it already.

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ROSATSurvey Diffuse X‐Ray Background Maps. II.

Cited by 618 publications

References 49 publications

A possible origin of gamma rays from the Fermi Bubbles

A possible origin of gamma rays from the Fermi Bubbles

Studying the Interstellar Medium and the Inner Region of NPS/Loop 1 With Shadow Observations Toward Mbm36

Origin of Cosmic Magnetic Fields

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