<i>Salmonella enterica</i>
            Serovars Typhimurium and Dublin Can Lyse Macrophages by a Mechanism Distinct from Apoptosis

Watson, Patricia R.; Gautier, Anne V; Paulin, Susan M.; Bland, A. P.; Jones, Philip W.; Wallis, Timothy S.

doi:10.1128/iai.68.6.3744-3747.2000

Cited by 90 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, macrophage damage induced by S. typhimurium and S. dublin did not have any of the typical characteristics of apoptosis (reviewed by Allen et al, 1997 ;McConkey, 1998), which is in contrast to the conclusions of several other studies on Salmonella-induced macrophage damage (Chen et al, 1996 ;Monack et al, 1996 ;Hersh et al, 1999). This is unlikely to be due to the use of different cell types or bacterial strains, since we have previously shown that Salmonella can damage macrophages by a non-apoptotic mechanism using both an immortalized macrophage-like cell line and alveolar macrophages isolated from cattle following infection with several commonly studied S. typhimurium strains (Watson et al, 2000). In addition, opsonization of the bacteria did not alter the mechanism of macrophage damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Interaction of Salmonella serotypes with porcine macrophages in vitro does not correlate with virulence

et al. 2000

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The interaction between Salmonella serotypes and macrophages is potentially instrumental in determining the outcome of infection. The nature of this interaction was characterized with respect to virulence and serotype-host specificity using pigs as the infection model. Experimental infection with Salmonella typhimurium , Salmonella choleraesuis or Salmonella dublin resulted in enteric, systemic or asymptomatic infection, respectively, which correlates well with the association of S. choleraesuis with systemic disease in pigs in epidemiological studies. Persistence within porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro did not directly correlate with virulence since S. typhimurium persisted in the highest numbers, and S. choleraesuis in the lowest. Comparison to other studies revealed that the relatively high persistence of S. typhimurium in macrophages correlates with its virulence in a broad range of animals : this could be a virulence mechanism for broad-hostrange serotypes. There were little or no significant differences in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages infected with the three serotypes. S. typhimurium and S. dublin, but not S. choleraesuis, damaged porcine macrophages, and the mechanism of damage did not resemble apoptosis. In conclusion, the virulence of Salmonella serotypes in pigs did not directly correlate with their interaction with porcine macrophages in vitro. The interaction of Salmonella and macrophages in vitro may not accurately model their interaction in vivo, and this will form the basis of further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Interaction of Salmonella serotypes with porcine macrophages in vitro does not correlate with virulence

et al. 2000

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“…Taken together, these results unequivocally demonstrate that type A F. tularensis induces thymocyte death by a mechanism distinct from apoptosis following inhalation of low doses of the pathogen. In this regard, bacterial induced cell death, independent of apoptosis, was reported in macrophages infected by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Dublin, by a mechanism involving caspase 1 but not caspase 3 [30]. In addition, it has been recently shown that necrosis may be less 'accidental' or more regulated than previously thought, with some involvement of caspases and with regulatory links to apoptosis [30,31].…”

Section: Apoptosis Is Not Involved In the Depletion Of Cd4 + Cd8 + Thmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In this regard, bacterial induced cell death, independent of apoptosis, was reported in macrophages infected by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Dublin, by a mechanism involving caspase 1 but not caspase 3 [30]. In addition, it has been recently shown that necrosis may be less 'accidental' or more regulated than previously thought, with some involvement of caspases and with regulatory links to apoptosis [30,31]. Further study of the mechanism of F. tularensis induced thymocyte lysis will shed light on the regulation and mechanism of apoptosis-independent cell death, which might also be induced by other pathogens.…”

Section: Apoptosis Is Not Involved In the Depletion Of Cd4 + Cd8 + Thmentioning

confidence: 97%

Low dose aerosol infection of mice with virulent type A Francisella tularensis induces severe thymus atrophy and CD4+CD8+ thymocyte depletion

Chen

KuoLee

Austin

et al. 2005

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of tularemia. Two subspecies (type A and B strains) of the pathogen exist, the former being much more virulent than the latter for humans and other higher mammals. In this study, we examined the effect of virulent strains of F. tularensis infection on the thymus and thymocytes and the potential mechanisms involved. Low-dose aerosol exposure of C57BL/6 mice with type A, but not type B, F. tularensis caused severe reduction in thymus weight and destruction of thymocytes, particularly CD4 + CD8 + thymocytes, by day 4 after infection. The depletion of thymocytes was accompanied by a significant increase in circulating cortisone levels and could be partially prevented by adrenalectomy. Moreover, thymus atrophy and thymocyte depletion following infection were abolished in mice deficient in tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2, but not in FasL-deficient mice. The severe destruction of the thymus and selective depletion of immature thymocytes during type A F. tularensis infection may represent a key pathogenic mechanism in tularemia and could hinder the development of an effective primary immune response against this highly virulent pathogen.

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“…For example, oral inoculation of weaned calves with serovar Dublin produces severe systemic infection, whereas S. enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) is avirulent and S. Typhimurium elicits acute enteritis (Paulin et al 2002). The systemic virulence of S. enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) in cattle cannot be attributed to survival in primary macrophages, macrophage lysis (Watson et al 2000a), damage to intestinal epithelia (Bolton et al 1999), enteritis (Paulin et al 2002) or to the magnitude of invasion of the ileal mucosa (Bolton et al 1999;Paulin et al 2002). Broadly, the same applies to the systemically virulent serovars Abortusovis in sheep (Uzzau et al 2001), Choleraesuis in pigs (Watson et al 2000b) and Gallinarum in chickens (Chadfield et al 2003), compared with the broad host-range serovar Typhimurium.…”

Section: Salmonellosis In Food-producing Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular insights into farm animal and zoonoticSalmonellainfections

Stevens

Humphrey

Maskell

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

147

102

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Salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen of worldwide importance. Infections may present in a variety of ways, from asymptomatic colonization to inflammatory diarrhoea or typhoid fever depending on serovar-and host-specific factors. Human diarrhoeal infections are frequently acquired via the food chain and farm environment by virtue of the ability of selected non-typhoidal serovars to colonize the intestines of food-producing animals and contaminate the avian reproductive tract and egg. Colonization of reservoir hosts often occurs in the absence of clinical symptoms; however, some S. enterica serovars threaten animal health owing to their ability to cause acute enteritis or translocate from the intestines to other organs causing fever, septicaemia and abortion. Despite the availability of complete genome sequences of isolates representing several serovars, the molecular mechanisms underlying Salmonella colonization, pathogenesis and transmission in reservoir hosts remain ill-defined. Here we review current knowledge of the bacterial factors influencing colonization of food-producing animals by Salmonella and the basis of host range, differential virulence and zoonotic potential.

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Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhimurium and Dublin Can Lyse Macrophages by a Mechanism Distinct from Apoptosis

Cited by 90 publications

References 33 publications

Interaction of Salmonella serotypes with porcine macrophages in vitro does not correlate with virulence

Interaction of Salmonella serotypes with porcine macrophages in vitro does not correlate with virulence

Low dose aerosol infection of mice with virulent type A Francisella tularensis induces severe thymus atrophy and CD4+CD8+ thymocyte depletion

Molecular insights into farm animal and zoonoticSalmonellainfections

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