<i>Salmonella</i>in Wild Animals: A Public Health Concern

Santos, Eliege Jullia Eudoxia dos; Lopes, Amanda Teixeira Sampaio; Maciel, Bianca Mendes

doi:10.5772/intechopen.102618

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results reinforce the fact that the prevalence of Salmonella spp. is usually lower in wild than in domesticated animals [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in Wild Animals in Bahia, Brazil—Population Assessment and Characterization in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest Biomes

Santos,

Lopes,

Fehlberg

et al. 2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmonella spp. are known to persist in the environment. Wild animals are believed to act as important reservoirs, with antimicrobial resistance frequently occurring in the environment. However, little is known about the role of the wildlife in Bahia as a reservoir for Salmonella in Brazil. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Salmonella spp. from wildlife in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes considering indicators such as the animal species, degree of anthropization, sampling area, and feeding habits. Convenience wildlife sampling and characterization were conducted, followed by microbiological and molecular identification of Salmonella isolates, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 674 fecal samples were collected from 12 municipalities during 2015–2021, and 4 were positive for the following Salmonella species: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Agona (n = 1), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serogroup O:16 (n = 2), and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenchen (n = 1). Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis revealed that one isolate was resistant to six antibiotics, including extended-spectrum penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors. These results indicated a low frequency of Salmonella spp. in the sampled forest fragments. The presence of Salmonella in wild animals increases the risk to public health and biodiversity and indicates that they can act as sentinels of environmental contamination or indicators of preservation.

show abstract

“…These results reinforce the fact that the prevalence of Salmonella spp. is usually lower in wild than in domesticated animals [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in Wild Animals in Bahia, Brazil—Population Assessment and Characterization in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest Biomes

Santos,

Lopes,

Fehlberg

et al. 2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…in wild animals is lower than on the farm, despite the fact that wild animals can be asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella spp., with the bacterium remaining in equilibrium with the intestinal microbiota (dos Santos et al, 2022). A study carried out on 518 free-living wild animals including mammals, birds, and reptiles in forest fragments in Brazil from 2015 to 2021 showed that only three mammals and one bird were tested positive for Salmonella spp (dos Santos et al, 2022). Further investigations would be needed to calculate the frequency of likely contamination of S. Mbandaka from wild birds to farm animals in France.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Tell me if you prefer bovine or poultry sectors and I’ll tell you who you are: Characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Mbandaka in France

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionIn north-western France, Salmonella enterica susp. enterica serovar Mbandaka (S. Mbandaka) is most frequently isolated from bovine and dairy samples. While this serovar most often results in asymptomatic carriage, for a number of years it has caused episodes of abortions, which have serious economic consequences for the sector. Interestingly, this serovar is also isolated from Gallus gallus in the same geographic zone. Despite its prevalence in bovines in north-western France, S. Mbandaka has not been broadly studied at the genomic level, and its prevalence and host adaptation are still not fully understood.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the genomic diversity of 304 strains of S. Mbandaka isolated from the bovine and poultry sectors in this area over a period of 5 years. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out and two approaches were followed to identify conserved genes and mutations related to host associations. The first approach targeted the genes compiled in the MEGARESv2, Resfinder, VFDB and SPI databases. Plasmid and phage contents were also investigated. The second approach refers to an in-house algorithm developed for this study that computes sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of accessory genes and core variants according to predefined genomes groups.Results and discussionAll the analyzed strains belong to the multi-locus sequence type profile ST413, and the phylogenomic analysis revealed main clustering by host (bovine and poultry), emphasizing the circulation of 12 different major clones, of which seven circulate in poultry and five in the bovine sector in France and a likely food production chain adaptation of these clones. All strains present resistance determinants including heavy metals and biocides that could explain the ability of this serovar to survive and persist in the environment, within herds, and in food processing plants. To explore the wild animal contribution to the spread of this serovar in north-western France, we retrieved S. Mbandaka genomes isolated from wild birds from EnteroBase and included them in the phylogenomic analysis together with our collection. Lastly, screening of accessory genes and major variants allowed us to identify conserved specific mutations characteristic of each major cluster. These mutations could be used to design useful probes for food safety surveillance.

show abstract

“…The absence of a rigorous national agenda for monitoring salmonellae, the prevalence of human and animal carrier states, and the size and diversity of the animal reservoir make salmonellosis a serious problem for public health. [55]. Typhoid fever frequency is typically ranked from lowest (less than 10 cases per 100,000 people per year) to highest (greater than or equal to 500 cases per 100,000 people per year).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Enteric Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Typhoidal Salmonellosis (TS) (Enteric fever)

Almashhadany,

Ahmood,

Omar

et al. 2023

ijmst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The incidence of salmonellosis continues to rise, and it is one of the fastest spreading bacteria in the globe. It's responsible for the vast majority of bacterial infections in animals everywhere. Enteric fever is a worldwide health issue, especially prevalent in places with poor sanitation that allow for the contamination of food and water sources with human feces. This illness is also known as Typhoid fever. The neuropsychiatric effects of untreated typhoid were so severe that the disease was given a name taken from the ancient Greek word for cloud. It's a public health problem, especially in poor areas, because it can affect multiple body systems and kill you. Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi are the bacteria responsible for this disease. Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are both types of enteric fever. Worldwide, approximately 21 million individuals contract typhoid each year. Every year, it accounts for about 200,000 fatalities around the world. Its tolerance to antibiotics has grown over time. Salmonella is a genus of Enterobacteriaceae that can cause a wide range of illnesses in the digestive tract. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem, and even though these diseases have been eliminated in most industrialized countries, they are still a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever can be mitigated through the sanitation of potable water, but they cannot be eradicated without the control of human carriers as well. Nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars, which cause only mild cases of gastroenteritis in people, are genetically related to typhoidal Salmonella serovars.

show abstract

Salmonellain Wild Animals: A Public Health Concern

Cited by 4 publications

References 79 publications

Low Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in Wild Animals in Bahia, Brazil—Population Assessment and Characterization in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest Biomes

Low Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in Wild Animals in Bahia, Brazil—Population Assessment and Characterization in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest Biomes

Tell me if you prefer bovine or poultry sectors and I’ll tell you who you are: Characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Mbandaka in France

Typhoidal Salmonellosis (TS) (Enteric fever)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About