Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in poultry feces and carcasses in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Abstract

The importance of Salmonella and Campylobacter as foodborne pathogens is well recognized worldwide. Poultry and poultry products are commonly considered as the major vehicles of Salmonella and Campylobacter infection in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the hygienic status of poultry facilities and determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in slaughtered poultry feces and carcasses in four different markets in Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso. A total of 103 poultry feces and 20 carcasses were analyzed using microbiological standard methods. Among the 103 fecal samples, 70 were positive for Campylobacter ssp (67.96%) and 54 for Salmonella ssp (52.42%). The hippurate hydrolysis test revealed that among the 70 Campylobacter strains isolated from feces, 49 were C. jejuni (70%) and 21 were C. coli (30%). From the 20 carcasses analyzed, 18 were contaminated with Salmonella (90%) and 10 with Campylobacter ssp (50%). Among the 10 Campylobacter ssp samples isolated from poultry carcasses, all were identified as C. jejuni using the API CAMPY system and the hippurate hydrolysis test. The assessment of markets hygienic practices for production, transportation, display, and vending of meat revealed unhygienic conditions. To complete the observation of unhygienic practices, we have sampled chicken‐washing solution from the study sites and microbiological analysis of these samples revealed the presence of Salmonella spp in 100% of the samples. This study highlighted that poultry products on sale in Ouagadougou are highly contaminated with Salmonella and Campylobacter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing Campylobacter presence in the poultry industry of Burkina Faso. Our findings might help to better understand the epidemiology of Salmonella and Campylobacter.

Salmonella control in poultry flocks and its public health impact

“…In this case, the data are more difficult to relate to the flock infection status. Cross-contamination between slaughter batches at the abattoir occurs commonly, but in situations where there is a low flock prevalence of either Salmonella or Campylobacter carcass contamination is most likely to originate from the flock itself rather than the slaughter process (Kagambega et al, 2018). Several studies report associations between the contamination of farm samples and processing plant samples for Salmonella and Campylobacter (Arsenault et al, 2007;Hue et al, 2011;Franz et al, 2012;Berghaus et al, 2013).…”

Campylobacter at the Human–Food Interface: The African Perspective

“…In Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Campylobacter was detected in 50% of 20 poultry carcasses sourced from retail markets [70]. The carcasses were sold on tables in ambient temperatures without protection from dust or flies, the vendors did not wear gloves or aprons, and the retail environment was infested with lizards, rodents, and avian species.…”

“…The carcasses were sold on tables in ambient temperatures without protection from dust or flies, the vendors did not wear gloves or aprons, and the retail environment was infested with lizards, rodents, and avian species. Kagambèga, Thibodeau, Trinetta, Soro, Sama, Bako, Bouda, Wereme N’Diaye, Fravalo and Barro [70] suggested that, although poultry is widely consumed in Burkina Faso, patients with diarrhoea are not routinely sampled for Campylobacter . However, in neighbouring Ghana, a lower isolation rate of 21.9% was detected in 132 poultry carcasses randomly selected from the Kejetia poultry slaughter unit in Kumasi [71].…”

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Isolated from Chicken and Guinea Fowl in Burkina Faso

“…In the present study, Salmonella was detected in 24.69% of all the poultry intestines samples analyzed with 20.45% in slaughtered chicken intestines and 22.26% in slaughtered guinea fowl intestines. In contrast, a high prevalence of Salmonella in slaughtered poultry intestines were detected in the studies conducted by Kagambega et al (2013) (55%) [18] and 2018 (52.42%) [9] in Burkina Faso; Andoh et al (2016) in Ghana (47%) [19] and Bai et al (2015) in China (45.2%) [20]. This difference could be explained by sampling conditions, isolation method and period of sampling.…”

“…Salmonella has been reported to be the second most pathogen affecting foodborne illnesses in Burkina Faso [6,7]. Poultry is an important reservoir of many zoonotically pathogens, mainly Salmonella and Campylobacter [8,9]. Poultry meat can acquire Salmonella from intestinal contents, faecal material or from cross-contamination during slaughtering processes [10].…”