Salmonella spp. in Wild Free-Living Birds from Atlantic Forest Fragments in Southern Bahia, Brazil

Abstract

Wild animals have an ecological function and can serve as sentinels to identify infectious agents and as indicators of environmental health. Among the zoonotic pathogens, Salmonella spp. deserve special attention due to their high worldwide prevalence and their ubiquity of hosts. With the aim of investigating the presence of Salmonella spp. in wild birds from the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil, we collected 114 fecal samples of wild birds (14 families) between 2016 and 2017. Fecal samples were collected by means of cloacal swab and subjected to microbiological culture to isolate and serotype Salmonella spp. specifically. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion test protocol. Only one bird, Ceratopipra rubrocapilla, tested positive for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Agona, which is the first record for this bird species. This isolate exhibited intermediate sensitivity to amikacin and gentamicin and sensitivity to the other 13 antibiotics tested. Results may indicate environmental preservation since the studied areas had minimal human activity and good sanitary quality. Despite the low prevalence, it is necessary to monitor wildlife and establish disease control and surveillance systems, especially for zoonotic diseases.

Survey of zoonotic parasites and bacteria in faeces of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in North‐Central Oklahoma

“…in Canada geese faeces conforms with results of other studies conducted in North America (Converse et al, 1999;Fallacara et al, 2004;Vogt et al, 2018). This could be due to a low interaction of bird populations with contaminated environments, such as infected livestock, and a generally higher sanitary condition of locations sampled in the current study (dos Santos et al, 2020;Hernandez et al, 2003). Similarly, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp.…”

Investigating the Presence of Salmonella spp. in the Feces of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Istanbul

“…Increasing the number of deer may pose a risk in terms of both human health and domestic animal health and also food hygiene. Factors increasing the contact of humans with wildlife, such as the expansion of urban borders and the destruction of forest areas, can affect the spread of infectious agents and the epidemiology of zoonotic agents (Dos Santos et al, 2020). Although there is no direct contact with infected animals, various insects, reptiles, and birds may infect humans, domestic animals, and animal food products with Salmonella agents (Skov et al, 2008).…”

“…Bi-directional contamination seen as a result of this contact causes the spreading of Salmonella agents. In addition, it is thought that the wild animals that carry the agent to the water resources such as irrigation ponds, canals, and dams may have a direct or indirect role in the contamination cycle of Salmonella agents (Henderson & Hemmingsen 1983;Hilbert et al, 2012;Dos Santos et al, 2020).…”

Identification of a Novel IncHI1B Plasmid in MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae 200 from Swine in China

“…Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method [ 11 ] following the guidelines of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute [ 33 ]. The disks (OXOID, Hampshire, UK) used in the test were cefotaxime (30 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefoxitin (30 µg), oxacillin (50 µg), meropenem (10 µg), imipenem (10 µg), amikacin (30 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), kanamycin (30 µg), streptomycin (10 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), erythromycin (15 µg), tetracycline(30 µg), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 µg).…”