Salmonella TyphiAssociated Endogenous Endophthalmitis: A Case Report and a Review of Literature

Abstract

Endogenous endophthalmitis can be one of the rare sequelae of enteric fever and may present in the acute and relapsing phases and often times have a rapidly fulminant course with poor visual outcomes.

Salmonella infantis ulcerative keratitis in a dog

“…Salmonella-associated endophthalmitis is associated with a poor outcome, with all reported cases progressing to complete vision loss, and many cases requiring enucleation or evisceration. 15,16 In human medicine, studies have shown that the repeated use of topical antibiotics significantly alters the composition of the normal ocular flora and potentially allows for the colonization of other opportunistic and more virulent pathogens. 17 Following phacoemulsification, the dog was treated with topical ofloxacin due to its broad spectrum coverage and its ability to penetrate an intact corneal epithelial layer.…”

“…Endogenous endophthalmitis is a rarely reported complication of Salmonella infections in humans. Salmonella ‐associated endophthalmitis is associated with a poor outcome, with all reported cases progressing to complete vision loss, and many cases requiring enucleation or evisceration 15,16 . In human medicine, studies have shown that the repeated use of topical antibiotics significantly alters the composition of the normal ocular flora and potentially allows for the colonization of other opportunistic and more virulent pathogens 17 .…”

Post Fever Uveoretinal Manifestations in an Immunocompetent Individual

“…74 Endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare complication of salmonella infections occurring in immunocompromised patients. 75 Patients with bilateral confluent retinitis had significantly high Widal titres. 76 Bilateral retinitis following typhoid fever was also reported.…”

“…16,77 Multifocal choroiditis following simultaneous hepatitis A, typhoid fever, and yellow fever vaccination is an inflammatory disease characterised by multiple, small, yellow fundus lesions and vitreous inflammation which is because of the involvement of the eye which may be a result of direct invasion or immune-mediated phenomenon. 75…”

Identification of Pathogens in the Intraocular Fluid Samples of Patients With Endogenous Endophthalmitis Using Rapid Nanopore Targeted Sequencing

“…1 Its incidence is relatively low: Endogenous sources account for 5% to 15% of all endophthalmitis cases. 1,2 EE is caused by the spread of bacteria/fungi from blood to the eyeball. Pathogens penetrate the blood-eye barrier, invade the eye, and cause severe vision damage; patients with this condition show poor prognosis.…”