<i>Schedorhinotermes longirostris</i>(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) on Guam Adds to Assault on the Endemic<i>Cycas micronesica</i>

Marler, Thomas E.; Yudin, Lee S.; Moore, Aubrey

doi:10.1653/024.094.0339

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We have focused exclusively on one Lycaenidae pest in this discussion, but in the real world, a cycad plant is attacked by multiple herbivores. In Guam, for example, C. micronesica is threatened by a growing list of invasive and native specialist arthropods living in sympatry (Marler and Muniappan, 2006;Marler et al, 2011). The armored scale A. yasumatsui deserves mention as a rapidly invading pest that infests Cycas populations throughout much of the native and invasive Chilades pandava range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilades pandava Damage among 85 Cycas Species in a Common Garden Setting

Marler¹,

Lindström²,

Terry³

2012

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The extent of Chilades pandava Horsfield herbivory among 85 Cycadaceae species was determined by three evaluators in a common garden setting in Thailand to identify patterns that may improve horticultural and conservation management practices. The significant differences in herbivory damage from this invasive lepidopteran pest ranged 8.7-fold among the species. Phylogenetic sections of this monogeneric cycad family did not correspond to the relative differences among the species, and country of nativity was also not informative for this purpose. We suggest the Cycas L. species that share native habitat with this butterfly or the closely related Theclinesthes onycha Hewitson are among the least damaged taxa when they are comingled with other Cycas species in a common landscape. Grouping the most damaged Cycas species together in a managed landscape may reduce costs associated with plant protection. The inclusion of non-native Cycas plants in gardens nearby native Cycas habitats carries the potential of disrupting the delicate specialist relationship that native butterfly populations have with host Cycas species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilades pandava Damage among 85 Cycas Species in a Common Garden Setting

Marler¹,

Lindström²,

Terry³

2012

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“…A substantial literature has accumulated on C. micronesica due to the invasions of several non-native insect herbivores since 2003. These included the armored scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi [ 16 , 17 ], the Cycas -specific Chilades pandava Horsfield butterfly [ 18 ], the leaf miner Erechthias Meyrick sp [ 16 ], and the termite Schedorhinotermes longirostris Brauer [ 19 ]. Sustained damage following the invasions of these non-native herbivores led to irruptions of the native stem borer Dihammus marianarum Aurivillius [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burrowing activity of coconut rhinoceros beetle on Guam cycads

Marler

Matanane

Terry

2020

Communicative & Integrative Biology

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Guam's established population of non-native coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB, Oryctes rhinoceros L.) began creating burrows in stem apices of several cycad species in a managed garden. We conducted an island-wide survey to determine the spatial patterns of CRB burrowing of stems of in situ Cycas micronesica. We also measured starch of healthy and unhealthy coconut leaf tissue and compared this with starch of cycad stem tissue. The starch concentration of the central unexpanded leaf in healthy Philippine coconut trees was ≈90 mg•g −1 , and that of unhealthy Guam coconut trees was ≈40 mg•g −1. The starch concentration of the tissue within the CRB burrow locations on C. micronesica trees was 145 mg•g −1. Burrowing of C. micronesica was restricted to female CRB adults and was found throughout the full latitudinal gradient of Guam. Our findings indicate Guam's unhealthy coconut trees are no longer nutrient-dense, and the female CRB population may have exhibited a phylogenetically distant host shift to the abundant C. micronesica plants for a starch-rich diet within the concepts of the 'ecological fitting' hypothesis. We add proximity to coconut tree habitats as a new threat to Guam's endangered C. micronesica population.

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“…Stem herbivory by arthropods or ungulates can induce internal decay of stem tissues, and the resulting compromised mechanical integrity may increase incidence of stem failure 5 , 6 . Therefore, differential incidence of stem decay induced by herbivory partly defines community damage during tropical cyclones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased threat of island endemic tree’s extirpation via invasion-induced decline of intrinsic resistance to recurring tropical cyclones

Marler

2013

Communicative & Integrative Biology

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Cycas micronesica populations in Guam have been threatened by the invasion of the armored scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui. I integrate four factors that illuminate an acute need for intervention to reduce an unprecedented threat caused by the invasion. First, mechanical failure of healthy C. micronesica trees during catastrophic winds is rare because of the cycad tree’s unique pachycaulis stem design. Second, tree-winching and three-point bend stress tests revealed the natural resistance to damage from tropical cyclones has been compromised by the chronic feeding of this homopteran pest. Third, no typhoon event has occurred since the arthropod’s invasion and its spread in the year 2005 to actually test extent of mechanical failure for the unhealthy remaining trees. Fourth, historical records indicate the probability that Guam will experience typhoon force winds is 0.51 in three years and 0.91 in 10 y. These four factors integrate to predict the next typhoon may eliminate the surviving C. micronesica trees and stewardship of this declining population requires intervention to counter this prediction.

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Schedorhinotermes longirostris(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) on Guam Adds to Assault on the EndemicCycas micronesica

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Chilades pandava Damage among 85 Cycas Species in a Common Garden Setting

Chilades pandava Damage among 85 Cycas Species in a Common Garden Setting

Burrowing activity of coconut rhinoceros beetle on Guam cycads

Increased threat of island endemic tree’s extirpation via invasion-induced decline of intrinsic resistance to recurring tropical cyclones

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