Schisandra chinensis extract ameliorates age‐related muscle wasting and bone loss in ovariectomized rats

Abstract

Exercise and healthy diet consumption support healthy aging. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) also known as “Baill.” has anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the role of S. chinensis as an antiaging compound has yet to be demonstrated. This study elucidated the antiaging effect of S. chinensis ethanol–hexane extract (C1) and the effect of C1 treatment on muscle and bone following physical exercise in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. RAW 264.7, human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), C2C12 myoblasts, bone marrow macrophages, and MC3T3‐E1 cells were used for in vitro, and muscle and bone of OVX rats were used for in vivo study to demonstrate the effect of C1. The C1 significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory molecules, β‐galactosidase activity, and improved antioxidant activity via down‐regulation of reactive oxygen species in RAW 264.7 and aged HDF cells. The C1 with exercise improved muscle regeneration in skeletal muscle of OVX rats by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy. C1 induced osteoblast differentiation, and C1 + exercise modulated the bone formation and bone resorption in OVX rats. C1 exhibited anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, myogenic, and osteogenic effects. C1 with exercise improved age‐related muscle wasting and bone loss. Therefore, S. chinensis may be a potential prevent agent for age‐related diseases such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis.

Polyphenols and Their Effects on Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Health

“…In ovariectomized rats, SC treatment combined with exercise alleviated sarcopenic muscle wasting and enhanced muscle regeneration in skeletal muscle by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy. In the same study, which used an in vitro model, SC significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory markers and β-galactosidase activity while improving the antioxidant defenses by decreasing ROS levels [ 142 ]. Furthermore, in forced-swimming exercise-induced aged mice, SC effectively increased the strength and thickness of the GM and soleus muscles.…”

“…Mainly, the E3 ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and/Cbl-b were suppressed by PPs in muscle atrophies caused by inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. The upstream regulators of E3 ubiquitin ligases, i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, myostatin, and FoxOs, were significantly suppressed by PPs [ 32 , 38 , 79 , 96 , 127 , 142 , 151 ]. Moreover, PPs modulated the expression of miRNAs associated with muscle atrophy.…”

Long-read transcriptome sequencing provides insight into lignan biosynthesis during fruit development in Schisandra chinensis

“…The fruits contain many bioactive compounds, including lignans, triterpenes, phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, and polysaccharides [ 3 , 4 ], and they have been used as an important traditional medicine in northeastern Asia. In particular, dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, including schisandrin and gomisin, present in S. chinensis fruit extracts exhibit pharmacological effects such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, and anti-osteoporosis activities [ 3 – 7 ]. Moreover, fruits have the potential to effectively protect against neuronal cell damage and to significantly enhance cognitive performance, suggesting their usefulness as new therapeutic agents for treating neurodegenerative diseases [ 8 ].…”

The Effect of Schisandra chinensis Baillon on Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Mitochondrial Signaling Pathway in Testes of Varicocele-Induced SD Rat

“…More recently, studies have reported therapeutic effects of SC on blood sugar balance, wound healing, alleviating cough, liver injury, kidney injury, lung injury, platelet aggregation hepatitis, and cardiovascular disease [16,20]. SC has also been reported to prevent age-related disease such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia [21]. In a study on cyclophosphamide-induced dyszoospermia in male rats, Schizandra chinensis polysaccharide could alleviate reproductive hormones and improve fertility [22].…”