Solanum resistance genes against Phytophthora infestans and their corresponding avirulence genes

Abstract

Resistance genes against Phytophthora infestans (Rpi genes), the most important potato pathogen, are still highly valued in the breeding of Solanum spp. for enhanced resistance. The Rpi genes hitherto explored are localized most often in clusters, which are similar between the diverse Solanum genomes. Their distribution is not independent of late maturity traits. This review provides a summary of the most recent important revelations on the genomic position and cloning of Rpi genes, and the structure, associations, mode of action and activity spectrum of Rpi and corresponding avirulence (Avr) proteins. Practical implications for research into and application of Rpi genes are deduced and combined with an outlook on approaches to address remaining issues and interesting questions. It is evident that the potential of Rpi genes has not been exploited fully.

Accelerated cloning of a potato late blight–resistance gene using RenSeq and SMRT sequencing

“…It also enables (re)annotation of NLR complements, and identification of transcribed NLRs (cDNA RenSeq 4,8 ). However, large copy numbers and highly repetitive coding sequences impair accurate de novo assembly of complete NLR genes using short reads 4,8 Many Solanum species have been assessed for genetic variation in resistance to P. infestans, but resistance is rare 3 . The hexaploid S. nigrum is reported as resistant, and S. americanum is a likely diploid ancestor of S. nigrum 9 .…”

DNA Markers for Selection of Late Blight Resistant Potato Breeding Lines

“…Rpi-blb1 gene, also known as RB gene, is located on chromosome 8 and was found to confer broad spectrum resistance against P. infestans when introduced into potatoes [7] [8]. A total of 63 resistance genes to P. infestans have been identified from various Solanum species and more than 25 have been localized on the potato genome map [9] and cloned [10]. The majority of R genes contain Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and nucleotide binding site (NBS) domains and are able to specifically recognize cytoplasmic effectors of the pathogen [11].…”

Fine mapping of the Rpi-rzc1 gene conferring broad-spectrum resistance to potato late blight

“…Recent list of functional R genes against potato late blight contains at least 68 genes from various Solanum species (Rodewald and Trognitz 2013). So far, 14 of them have been shown to belong to the same Coiled Coil -Nucleotide Binding -Leucine -Rich Repeat (CC-NB-LRR) gene family and further nine -to contain NB and LRR domains (Rodewald and Trognitz 2013).…”

“…So far, 14 of them have been shown to belong to the same Coiled Coil -Nucleotide Binding -Leucine -Rich Repeat (CC-NB-LRR) gene family and further nine -to contain NB and LRR domains (Rodewald and Trognitz 2013). More late blight resistance genes are to be discovered since in a single doubled haploid genome DM (S. tuberosum) there are 755 NB-LRR genes annotated (Jupe et al 2013) while in tomato (S. lycopersicum) 326 are found (Andolfo et al 2014).…”