<i><scp>S</scp>taphylococcus aureus</i> skin colonization is promoted by barrier disruption and leads to local inflammation

Wanke, Ines; Skabytska, Yuliya; Kraft, Beatrice; Peschel, Andreas; Biedermann, Tilo; Schittek, Birgit

doi:10.1111/exd.12083

Cited by 79 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Others have demonstrated that epicutaneous application of S. aureus results in upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (31). In order to determine whether PSMs play a role in modulating inflammatory gene expression in the skin, we performed RT-PCR on skin sections following exposure to the WT or ⌬psm strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The next day, the stratum corneum barrier was disrupted via mild stripping using three applications of Tegaderm (3M, St. Paul, MN). This technique exposes the keratinocyte layers without creating a wound (31). S. aureus (1 ϫ 10 7 CFU) or PBS was placed with sterile gauze on the stripped skin and occluded with Tegaderm (3M).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also showed that PSMs are necessary and sufficient for this release. Further, we utilized a mouse model of cutaneous colonization (31) to demonstrate that neutrophil re-cruitment and systemic inflammatory response are dependent on S. aureus PSMs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Staphlyococcus aureus Phenol-Soluble Modulins Stimulate the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines from Keratinocytes and Are Required for Induction of Skin Inflammation

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal that colonizes the skin. While it is normally innocuous, it has strong associations with atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and has become the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. The factors that dictate the role of S. aureus in disease are still being determined. In this work, we utilized primary keratinocyte culture and an epidermal murine colonization model to investigate the role of S. aureus phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) in proinflammatory cytokine release and inflammation induction. We demonstrated that many species of Staphylococcus are capable of causing release of interleukin 18 (IL-18) from keratinocytes and that S. aureus PSMs are necessary and sufficient to stimulate IL-18 release from keratinocytes independently of caspase 1. Further, after 7 days of epicutaneous exposure to wild-type S. aureus, but not S. aureus ⌬psm, we saw dramatic changes in gross pathology, as well as systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines. This work demonstrates the importance of PSM peptides in S. aureus-mediated inflammatory cytokine release from keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo and further implicates PSMs as important contributors to pathogenesis. Staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal that lives in the nose, skin, and throat in approximately 30% of the human population (1, 2). While S. aureus is usually harmless, it is an opportunistic pathogen that has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections in the United States (3) and can manifest as skin and soft tissue infections, infective endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis (1). Further, it has a role in exacerbation of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that affects up to 20% of children and up to 3% of adults (4, 5). Chronic cutaneous inflammation during AD results in increased production of extracellular matrix components that permit attachment of S. aureus (6). Subsequently, S. aureus promotes AD by stimulating a strong proinflammatory response (7). S. aureus proteins, such as hemolysin ␣ (HLA), staphylococcal protein A (SPA), and lipoteichoic acids (LTA), promote proinflammatory cytokine production from keratinocytes (7-11). However, this stimulation requires the concurrent presence of a surfactant, such as SDS (11).Keratinocytes serve as the first line of defense against cutaneous pathogens and are able to stimulate an immune response by releasing cytokines, defensins, and antimicrobial cationic peptides, such as LL-37, to fight off pathogens (12). One cytokine that is produced by keratinocytes and has a role in promoting AD is interleukin 18 (IL-18) (13,14). IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is cleaved and activated primarily by caspase 1 (15). Caspase 1 activation occurs following exposure to danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which stimulate the activation of the inflammasome (16). Caspase 1 activation can also result in the activation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1␤ (17)...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Staphlyococcus aureus Phenol-Soluble Modulins Stimulate the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines from Keratinocytes and Are Required for Induction of Skin Inflammation

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…turn leads to microbial invasion by commensal and noncommensal bacteria. This may result in severe SSTIs and can affect wound healing (22,23). This study investigated the efficacy of the lantibiotics nisin, clausin, and the newly described AmyA in the treatment of S. aureus-induced skin infections in mice (24).…”

Section: Fig 3 Representative Photomicrographs Of Sections From Noninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Lantibiotic Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Skin Infections, Monitored byIn VivoBioluminescent Imaging

Staden

Heunis

Smith

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

c Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen responsible for the majority of skin and soft tissue infections. Antibiotics are losing their efficacy as treatment for skin and soft tissue infections as a result of increased resistance in a variety of pathogens, including S. aureus. It is thus imperative to explore alternative antimicrobial treatments to ensure future treatment options for skin and soft tissue infections. A select few lantibiotics, a group of natural defense peptides produced by bacteria, inhibit the growth of numerous clinical S. aureus isolates, including methicillin-resistant strains. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of nisin, clausin, and amyloliquecidin, separately administered, were compared to that of a mupirocin-based ointment, which is commonly used as treatment for S. aureus-induced skin infections. Full-thickness excisional wounds, generated on the dorsal surfaces of mice, were infected with a bioluminescent strain of S. aureus (strain Xen 36). The infections were monitored in real time using in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Lantibiotic treatments significantly reduced the bioluminescence of S. aureus Xen 36 to a level similar to that recorded with mupirocin treatment. Wound closure, however, was more pronounced during lantibiotic treatment. Lantibiotics thus have the potential to be used as an alternative treatment option for S. aureus-induced skin infections.

show abstract

“…Badania przeprowadzone w Stanach Zjednoczonych wykazały, że w 2004 roku spowodował około 1/2 SSTI w Ameryce Północnej i 1/3 w Ameryce Łacińskiej i Europie [17]. Jako przyczynę zwiększo-nej liczby SSTI w przypadku cukrzycy wskazuje się uszkodzenie mechaniczne bariery naskórkowej [18] lub nadmierną kolonizację powierzchni skóry przez bakterie [19]. Kolejnym problemem w przypadku zakażenia skóry gronkowcem złocistym jest upośle-dzona odpowiedź na antybiotykoterapię.…”

Section: Podatność Skóry Na Infekcjeunclassified

Molecular factors involved in skin dryness in diabetic patients

Bednarski¹,

Lesiak²

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

STRESZCZENIECukrzyca, która jest chorobą przewlekłą oraz układową, dotyka aż 8,3% populacji ogólnej i staje się poważnym problemem klinicznym i finansowym dla systemów opieki zdrowotnej na świecie. Powikłania cukrzycy obejmują zarówno uszkodzenia wielu narządów wewnętrz-nych, jak i zmiany skórne, które mogą wyprzedzać kliniczne objawy cukrzycy. Ponadto skóra diabetyków często jest podrażniona i przesuszona, co przyczynia się do zwiększonego ryzyka występowania infekcji skórnych. Niemniej niewiele dotychczas wiadomo na temat molekularnych podstaw zmian zachodzących w skórze w przebiegu cukrzycy. Wszystkie prowadzone do tej pory badania koncentrują się wokół uszkodzenia bariery naskórkowej, zaburzeń integralności naskórka oraz zaburzeń funkcjonowania gruczołów łojowych. Innym, złożonym problemem jest sama pielęgnacja skóry osób chorujących na cukrzycę. Kompleksowe zrozumienie procesów zachodzących na poziomie komórkowym mogłoby pozwolić na odkrycie nowych markerów monitorujących skuteczność stosowanego leczenia zmian skórnych oraz nowych preparatów pielęgnacyjnych. ABSTRACTDiabetes is a chronic systemic disease affecting 8.3% of the general population, thus constituting an important clinical and financial problem for healthcare systems throughout the world. Complications of diabetes damage both many internal organs and skin. Skin complications of diabetes can anticipate its clinical symptoms. Diabetic skin, irritated and dry in many cases, is susceptible to skin infections. However, there is little known about molecular changes in skin in diabetes. Many studies are concentrated on epidermal barrier damage, dysfunction of epidermis integrity and dysfunction of sebaceous glands. Another complex problem is skin care in diabetic patients. A profound understanding of cellular-level processes in diabetes could lead to the discovery of new therapy efficacy markers and new skin care products. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE:cukrzyca, sucha skóra, emolienty.

show abstract

Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization is promoted by barrier disruption and leads to local inflammation

Cited by 79 publications

References 9 publications

Staphlyococcus aureus Phenol-Soluble Modulins Stimulate the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines from Keratinocytes and Are Required for Induction of Skin Inflammation

Staphlyococcus aureus Phenol-Soluble Modulins Stimulate the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines from Keratinocytes and Are Required for Induction of Skin Inflammation

Efficacy of Lantibiotic Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Skin Infections, Monitored byIn VivoBioluminescent Imaging

Molecular factors involved in skin dryness in diabetic patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About