S yntrophaceticus

Abstract

Syn.troph.a.ce'ti.cus. Gr. prep. syn , in company with, together with; Gr. n. trophos , feeder, rearer, one who feeds; L. n. acetum , vinegar; L. masc. suff. ‐icus , suffix used with the sense of pertaining to; N.L. masc. n. Syntrophaceticus , syntrophic acetate feeder. Firmicutes / Clostridia / Thermoanaerobacterales / incertae Sedis / Syntrophaceticus The genus Syntrophaceticus is represented by only one characterized species, Syntrophaceticus schinkii Sp3 T . This bacterium was isolated from an upflow anaerobic filter treating wastewater from a fishmeal factory, at high ammonium levels. It is a mesophilic bacterium (25–40°C), growing heterotrophically on a narrow number of substrates, including betaine, lactate, and ethanol. In pure culture, the bacterium grows very slowly, and low cell yield is obtained. The main end product is acetate, which allocates the species to the physiological group acetogens. The bacterium oxidizes acetate during syntrophic growth with a hydrogenotrophic methanogen. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene positions the genus in the phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia , and order Thermoanaerobacteriales . The closest relative is the thermophilic syntrophic acetate‐oxidizing bacterium Thermacetogenium phaeum. Syntrophaceticus schinkii has only been found in biogas digesters, operating with various substrates, and in both the mesophilic and thermophilic temperature range. 16S rRNA gene analyses have also shown higher abundance of S. schinkii in biogas digesters operating at high‐ compared to low‐ammonia conditions. Genome analysis of the type strain shows a total size of 3,196,921 bp, a G + C content of 46.59%, and a niche specialist organism with only a restricted number of active organic nutrient uptake systems, but still with complete Emden–Meyerhof–Parnas and Wood–Ljungdahl pathways. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 46.59. Type species : Syntrophaceticus schinkii Westerholm, Roos and Schnürer 2011c, 1012 VP .

MiDAS 5: Global diversity of bacteria and archaea in anaerobic digesters

“…The most abundant genus across substrates and temperature was Syntrophaceticus , despite being barely detected in ADs treating wastewater sludge. The type strain of this genus, S. schinkii Sp3 T , is an acetate-oxidizing syntroph that thrives, and has a competitive advantage, under high ammonium concentrations (up to 8,400 mgN/L) 54,55 . The lack of Syntrophaceticus in ADs treating wastewater sludge may therefore be explained by lower ammonium concentrations in these ADs (1,617±4,312 mgN/L, n=145) compared to those treating food waste (2,913±1,681 mgN/L, n=33), and manure (3,449±933 mgN/L, n=18).…”