<i>Seasonal Variability</i> Influence on the Prevalence of Diarrhoea among Under-Five-Year-old Children in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study

Mengistie, Bezatu; Gobena, Tesfaye; Ayana, Desalegn Admassu; Assefa, Nega; Ayele, Dinku Mekbib; Mengistu, Dechasa Adare; Worku, Alemayehu; Kumie, Abera; Terfa, Waltaji; Bikila, Zerihun; Azage, Muluken

doi:10.1177/11786302221093480

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Shifting temperature trends can impact infectious disease transmission due to pathogens' higher replication and inherited adaptation mechanism [14]. In addition, higher rainfall intensity can lead to infrastructure damage, and surface and groundwater supply contamination [15]. Water sources may be contaminated by micro-organisms, such as bacteria (Salmonella spp., Shigella, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Vibrio cholera), viruses (Rotarovirus, Norovirus, Adenovirus), or protozoa (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora), causing gastrointestinal infections during extreme weather events [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ambient Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Precipitation on Diarrhea Incidence in Surabaya

Wibawa

Maharani

Andhikaputra

et al. 2023

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Diarrhea remains a common infectious disease caused by various risk factors in developing countries. This study investigated the incidence rate and temporal associations between diarrhea and meteorological determinants in five regions of Surabaya, Indonesia. Method: Monthly diarrhea records from local governmental health facilities in Surabaya and monthly means of weather variables, including average temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity from Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency were collected from January 2018 to September 2020. The generalized additive model was employed to quantify the time lag association between diarrhea risk and extremely low (5th percentile) and high (95th percentile) monthly weather variations in the north, central, west, south, and east regions of Surabaya (lag of 0–2 months). Result: The average incidence rate for diarrhea was 11.4 per 100,000 during the study period, with a higher incidence during rainy season (November to March) and in East Surabaya. This study showed that the weather condition with the lowest diarrhea risks varied with the region. The diarrhea risks were associated with extremely low and high temperatures, with the highest RR of 5.39 (95% CI 4.61, 6.17) in the east region, with 1 month of lag time following the extreme temperatures. Extremely low relative humidity increased the diarrhea risks in some regions of Surabaya, with the highest risk in the west region at lag 0 (RR = 2.13 (95% CI 1.79, 2.47)). Extremely high precipitation significantly affects the risk of diarrhea in the central region, at 0 months of lag time, with an RR of 3.05 (95% CI 2.09, 4.01). Conclusion: This study identified a high incidence of diarrhea in the rainy season and in the deficient developed regions of Surabaya, providing evidence that weather magnifies the adverse effects of inadequate environmental sanitation. This study suggests the local environmental and health sectors codevelop a weather-based early warning system and improve local sanitation practices as prevention measures in response to increasing risks of infectious diseases.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ambient Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Precipitation on Diarrhea Incidence in Surabaya

Wibawa

Maharani

Andhikaputra

et al. 2023

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Rainfall and Temperature Influences on Childhood Diarrhea and the Effect Modification Role of Water and Sanitation Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Geremew,

Cumming,

Haddis

et al. 2024

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) highlighted the worsening impacts of climate change. Two climate factors—temperature and rainfall uncertainties—influence the risk of childhood diarrhea, which remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. They create a conducive environment for diarrhea-causing pathogens and overwhelm environmental prevention measures. This study aimed to produce comprehensive evidence on the association of temperature and rainfall variability with the risk of childhood diarrhea and the influence of water and sanitation conditions on those associations. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. Records published in English from 2006 to 2023 were searched on 8 January 2024 via PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Google/Google Scholar using comprehensive search terms. We assessed studies for any risk of bias using the Navigation Guide and rated the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. The heterogeneity among estimates was assessed using I-squared statistics (I2). The findings of the analysis were presented with forest plots using an incidence rate ratio (IRR). A meta-analysis was conducted on effect modifiers (water supply and sanitation conditions) using a random effects model with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The statistical analyses were conducted using R 4.3.2 software and Review Manager 5.3. A total of 2017 records were identified through searches, and only the 36 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. The analysis suggests a small positive association between increased temperature and the occurrence of under-five diarrhea, with the pooled IRR = 1.04; 95% CI [1.03, 1.05], at I2 = 56% and p-value < 0.01, and increased rainfall and U5 diarrhea, with IRR = 1.14; 95% CI [1.03, 1.27], at I2 = 86% and p-value < 0.01. The meta-analysis indicated a positive association between unimproved latrine facilities and drinking water sources with a rainfall-modified effect on U5 diarrhea, with IRR = 1.21; 95% CI [0.95, 1.53], at I2 = 62% and p-value = 0.03. We found that an increase in mean temperature and rainfall was associated with an increased risk of childhood diarrhea. Where there were unimproved latrine facilities and drinking water sources, the increase in mean rainfall or temperature would increase the incidence of childhood diarrhea. The results of this review help in assessing the effectiveness of current intervention programs, making changes as needed, or creating new initiatives to lower the prevalence of childhood diarrhea.

show abstract

Prevalence of diarrhoea and treatment-seeking practices among children <2 years of age in the Birhan cohort, Ethiopia, 2018–19

Fekadu,

Hailemariam,

Abera

et al. 2024

J Glob Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Estimating the proportion of children with diarrhoea and those who are taken in as inpatients or outpatients is important for policy planning, resource allocation, and to evaluate the effectiveness of diarrhoea prevention and control interventions. We aimed to estimate the proportion of children <2 years of age with diarrhoea, explore their treatment-seeking practices, and identify factors associated with both diarrhoea and treatment seeking. Methods We designed a longitudinal study based on a sample of children <2 years of age in the Birhan field site from September 2018 to September 2019. The study site collected data on child mortality and morbidity and treatment-seeking practice for those with a history of illness every three months. Mothers/caregivers were asked about signs or symptoms of illnesses for a two-week period prior to each study visit. We estimated the proportion of children <2 years of age with diarrhoea and treatment-seeking practices for each of the four rounds of data collection and identified associated factors through bivariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results We enrolled 4678 children <2 years of age. The proportion of children with diarrhoea was the highest from 11 September 2018 to 9 December 2018 (4.47%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.70–5.35) and the lowest from 10 December 2018 to 9 March 2019 (2.48%; 95% CI = 1.90–3.19). Children from households with chlorinated drinking water had a 50% (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.28–0.88) lower odds of developing diarrhoea compared to those who did not. Among 339 children with diarrhoea, 275 (81.12%; 95% CI = 76.54–85.15) were taken to health facilities for treatment. Female children had lower odds of being taken to health facilities for treatment (aOR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.17–0.80) compared to males. Conclusions While the proportion of children with diarrhoea in our study was lower than that observed in prior research conducted in Ethiopia, treatment-seeking practices were higher. Female children and children from the poorest families had lower odds of treatment. We recommend more studies to explore gender-based and socioeconomic differences affecting treatment-seeking practices.

show abstract

Seasonal Variability Influence on the Prevalence of Diarrhoea among Under-Five-Year-old Children in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Ambient Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Precipitation on Diarrhea Incidence in Surabaya

Effects of Ambient Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Precipitation on Diarrhea Incidence in Surabaya

Rainfall and Temperature Influences on Childhood Diarrhea and the Effect Modification Role of Water and Sanitation Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of diarrhoea and treatment-seeking practices among children <2 years of age in the Birhan cohort, Ethiopia, 2018–19

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About