“…They also represent an important regional food source with three Amazonian species dominating fish landings in different portions of the Amazon basin (Fernandes, 1997; Garcia, Tello, Vargas, & Duponchelle, 2009). The taxonomic revision associated with the morphology‐based phylogeny of Potamorhina (Vari, 1984) recognized five species: P. altamazonica (Cope, 1878) from the Amazon and Orinoco basins, P. laticeps (Valenciennes, 1849 from the Lago Maracaibo, P. latior (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) and P. pristigaster (Steindachner, 1876), both from the Amazon basin, and P. squamoralevis (Braga & Azpelicueta, 1983) from the Rio Paraguay and lower Rio Paraná. That study also provided the first hypothesis of interspecific relationships (Figure 1) mostly based on osteology, morphology of the gasbladder, squamation, and pigmentation (Vari, 1984).…”