<i>Serratia marcescens</i>Colonization Causing Pink Breast Milk and Pink Diapers: A Case Report and Literature Review

Quinn, Laura; Ailsworth, Melody; Matthews, Elizabeth; Kellams, Ann; Shirley, Debbie-Ann

doi:10.1089/bfm.2018.0002

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that color of HBM may vary physiologically, in relation to diet, nutritional supplements, infections and medications, from pink to orange, red and green (Ayuzo del Valle and Treviño Salinas, 2014;Jones et al, 2014;Naor et al, 2019;Quinn et al, 2018;Yazgan et al, 2012). The black color of HBM is reported only during minocycline treatment (Basler and Lynch, 1985;Hunt et al, 1996;Lawrence, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HBM can appear pink, red and orange with fruit drinks or green with green color beverages, green vegetables, vitamins or mineral supplements in diet (Yazgan et al, 2012) or intake of blue-green algae (Naor et al, 2019). However, the color of HBM may change for different reasons, as pink color is described in colonization of Serratia marcescens (Ayuzo del Valle and Treviño Salinas, 2014;Jones et al, 2014;Quinn et al, 2018). Moreover, green color is reported after administration of propofol (Birkholz et al, 2009;Rainone et al, 2018).…”

Section: Microbiological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two cases of black human breast milk not related to minocycline. A sphingolipidomic approach

et al. 2022

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Different colors of human breast milk (HBM) are reported in literature, and black milk is produced only during minocycline therapy. We herein report two cases of black/dark gray color HBM without minocycline involvement. We analyzed both milk samples and compared the data with two control HBM samples taken from two mothers who had the same dietary behaviors and took the same supplements (iron) as done by the mothers under study. Results indicated that the black color was not due to iron intake, disease or infection. With Sudan III stain, specific for lipids, dark precipitates were evident. Antioxidant power was much higher in studied milk samples than in control samples. As antioxidants at high levels become pro-oxidants, our data suggested possible lipid oxidation. Sphingolipid profile of black milk samples demonstrated accumulation of sphingomyelin and ceramide, which could be a sign of impaired lipid metabolism. It was concluded that iron supplementation was not responsible for HBM pigmentation, but altered biochemical mechanisms in the mammary gland could be implicated. In our experience, dark color HBM did not represent an absolute indication for discontinuation of breastfeeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbiological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Two cases of black human breast milk not related to minocycline. A sphingolipidomic approach

et al. 2022

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“…It is widespread in farm environments (water, bedding material, bulk tank milk, teat dip, etc.) [ 24 ] and some strains can cause opportunistic infections, including mastitis in both women and dairy cows [ 25 , 26 ]. A preliminary screening for S. marcescens in milk from our region using a chromogenic agar detected about 11% of all members of Enterobacteriaceae present to belong to this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prodigiosin-Producing Serratia marcescens as the Causal Agent of a Red Colour Defect in a Blue Cheese

Rodrı́guez

Lobato

Vázquez

et al. 2023

Foods

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Technological defects in the organoleptic characteristics of cheese (odour, colour, texture, and flavour) reduce quality and consumer acceptance. A red colour defect in Cabrales cheese (a traditional, blue-veined, Spanish cheese made from raw milk) occurs infrequently but can have a notable economic impact on family-owned, artisanal cheesemaking businesses. This work reports the culture-based determination of Serratia marcescens as the microbe involved in the appearance of red spots on the surface and nearby inner areas of such cheese. Sequencing and analysis of the genome of one S. marcescens isolate, RO1, revealed a cluster of 16 genes involved in the production of prodigiosin, a tripyrrole red pigment. HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of prodigiosin in methanol extracts of S. marcescens RO1 cultures. The same was also observed in extracts from red areas of affected cheeses. The strain showed low survival rates under acidic conditions but was not affected by concentrations of up to 5% NaCl (the usual value for blue cheese). The optimal conditions for prodigiosin production by S. marscescens RO1 on agar plates were 32 °C and aerobic conditions. Prodigiosin has been reported to possess antimicrobial activity, which agrees with the here-observed inhibitory effect of RO1 supernatants on different bacteria, the inhibition of Enterobacteriaceae, and the delayed development of Penicillium roqueforti during cheesemaking. The association between S. marcescens and the red colour defect was strengthened by recreating the fault in experimental cheeses inoculated with RO1. The data gathered in this study point towards the starting milk as the origin of this bacterium in cheese. These findings should help in the development of strategies that minimize the incidence of pigmenting S. marcescens in milk, the red defect the bacterium causes in cheese, and its associated economic losses.

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“…[53] Pseudomonas stutzeri (MW148779) [138] Staphylococcus petrasii (MW148788) [163] Aerococcus viridans (MW148771) [164] Serratia marcescens (MW148780) [165] Staphylococcus saprophyticus (MW148789) [166] Bacillus licheniformis (MW148772) [167] Staphylococcus cohnii (MW148782) [168] Staphylococcus simulans (MW148790) [169] Brevibacterium casei (MW148773) [170] Staphylococcus epidermidis (MW148783) [171] Staphylococcus succinus (MW148791) [172] Enterobacter hormaechei (MW148794) [173] Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MW148784) [174] Staphylococcus succinus subsp. casei (MW148792) [172] Paenibacillus glucanolyticus (MW148774) [175] Staphylococcus hominis subsp novobiosepticus (MW148785) [145] Staphylococcus warneri (MW148793) [176] Alternaria spp.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Categorisation of culturable bioaerosols in a fruit juice manufacturing facility

2021

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Bioaerosols are defined as aerosols that comprise particles of biological origin or activity that may affect living organisms through infectivity, allergenicity, toxicity, or through pharmacological or other processes. Interest in bioaerosol exposure has increased over the last few decades. Exposure to bioaerosols may cause three major problems in the food industry, namely: (i) contamination of food (spoilage); (ii) allergic reactions in individual consumers; or (iii) infection by means of pathogenic microorganisms present in the aerosol. The aim of this study was to characterise the culturable fraction of bioaerosols in the production environment of a fruit juice manufacturing facility and categorise isolates as harmful, innocuous or potentially beneficial to the industry, personnel and environment. Active sampling was used to collect representative samples of five areas in the facility during peak and off-peak seasons. Areas included the entrance, preparation and mixing area, between production lines, bottle dispersion and filling stations. Microbes were isolated and identified using 16S, 26S or ITS amplicon sequencing. High microbial counts and species diversity were detected in the facility. 239 bacteria, 41 yeasts and 43 moulds were isolated from the air in the production environment. Isolates were categorised into three main groups, namely 27 innocuous, 26 useful and 39 harmful bioaerosols. Harmful bioaerosols belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium and Candida were present. Although innocuous and useful bioaerosols do not negatively influence human health their presence act as an indicator that an ideal environment exists for possible harmful bioaerosols to emerge.

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Serratia marcescensColonization Causing Pink Breast Milk and Pink Diapers: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Two cases of black human breast milk not related to minocycline. A sphingolipidomic approach

Two cases of black human breast milk not related to minocycline. A sphingolipidomic approach

Prodigiosin-Producing Serratia marcescens as the Causal Agent of a Red Colour Defect in a Blue Cheese

Categorisation of culturable bioaerosols in a fruit juice manufacturing facility

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