<i>Shigella sonnei</i>
            Isolated from Well Water

Lindell, Shirley S.; Quinn, Patricia

doi:10.1128/am.26.3.424-425.1973

Appl Microbiol

1973

DOI: 10.1128/am.26.3.424-425.1973

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Shigella sonnei Isolated from Well Water

Shirley S. Lindell

Patricia Quinn

Abstract: A method is described which led to the isolation of Shigella sonnei from well water suspected of being the primary foci in a school-associated shigellosis outbreak.

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Pathogenic agents in freshwater resources

Geldreich

1996

Hydrol. Process.

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Numerous pathogenic agents have been found in freshwaters used as sources for water supplies, recreational bathing and irrigation. These agents include bacterial pathogens, enteric viruses, several protozoans and parasitic worms more common to tropical waters. Although infected humans are a major source of pathogens, farm animals (cattle, sheep, pigs), animal pets (dogs, cats) and wildlife serve as significant reservoirs and should not be ignored. The range of infected individuals within a given warm-blooded animal group (humans included) may range from 1 to 25%. Survival times for pathogens in the water environment may range from a few days to as much as a year (Ascaris, Taenia eggs), with infective dose levels varying from one viable cell for several primary pathogenic agents to many thousands of cells for a given opportunistic pathogen.As pathogen detection in water is complex and not readily incorporated into routine monitoring, a surrogate is necessary. In general, indicators of faecal contamination provide a positive correlation with intestinal pathogen occurrences only when appropriate sample volumes are examined by sensitive methodology.Pathways by which pathogens reach susceptible water users include ingestion of contaminated water, body contact with polluted recreational waters and consumption of salad crops irrigated by polluted freshwaters. Major contributors to the spread of various water-borne pathogens are sewage, polluted surface waters and stormwater runoff. All of these contributions are intensified during periods of major floods. Several water-borne case histories are cited as examples of breakdowns in public health protection related to water supply, recreational waters and the consumption of contaminated salad crops. In the long term, water resource management must focus on pollution prevention from point sources of waste discharges and the spread of pathogens in watershed stormwater runoff.

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Pathogenic agents in freshwater resources

Geldreich

1996

Hydrol. Process.

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Detection of Acinetobacter spp. in rural drinking water supplies

Bifulco

Shirey

Bissonnette

1989

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A bacteriological survey was conducted of untreated, individual groundwater supplies in Preston County, W.Va. Nearly 60% of the water supplies contained total coliforms in excess of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 1 CFU/100 ml. Approximately one-third of the water systems contained fecal coliforms and/or fecal streptococci. Acinetobacter spp. were detected in 38% of the groundwater supplies at an arithmetic mean density of 8 CFU/100 ml and were present in 16% of the water supplies in the absence of total coliforms, posing some concern about the usefulness of total coliforms as indicators of the presence of this opportunistic pathogen. Slime production, a virulence factor for A. calcoaceticus, was not significantly different between well water isolates and clinical strains, suggesting some degree of pathogenic potential for strains isolated from groundwater. In addition, several Acinetobacter isolates were able to interfere with sheen production by some coliform bacteria on M-Endo medium, adding further to the possible significance of Acinetobacter spp. in groundwater supplies.

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Shigella sonnei Isolated from Well Water

Abstract: A method is described which led to the isolation of Shigella sonnei from well water suspected of being the primary foci in a school-associated shigellosis outbreak.

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Pathogenic agents in freshwater resources

Pathogenic agents in freshwater resources

Detection of Acinetobacter spp. in rural drinking water supplies

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