<i>Sirococcus Clavigignenti-Juglandacearum</i>: An Undescribed Species Causing Canker on Butternut

Nair, V. M. G.; Kostichka, C. J.; Kuntz, J. E.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1979.12021049

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The first report of butternut canker was in Wisconsin in 1967 (Renlund 1971), and in 1979, the fungus responsible for the disease, Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Sc-j), was described for the first time (Nair et al 1979). A later multigene phylogenetic study determined that, in fact, the fungus is a member of the genus Ophiognomonia and not Sirococcus, and it was subsequently reclassified as Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Oc-j) .…”

Section: Current Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights into the pandemic disease butternut canker caused by the invasive pathogen Ophiognomonia clavigignenti‐juglandacearum

Broders

Boraks

Barbison³

et al. 2014

Forest Pathology

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In the 25 years following the initial 1967 report of the disease, butternut canker was able to quickly spread throughout the entire range of butternut (Juglans cinerea) in North America, from Minnesota in the upper Midwest to Tennessee in the south and Quebec in the northeast. The speed of this dispersal is notable as butternut trees do not make up a significant proportion of any single forest type. Instead, they are usually found sparingly in most mixed hardwood forests. In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge of the invasion process of the butternut canker pathogen, Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum, an invasive fungal pathogen, that as its emergence has spread across North America and is now found wherever butternut naturally occurs. Taxonomic studies have determined that the fungus belongs in the genus Ophiognomonia, which includes a number of saprophytes, endophytes and pathogens of members of the Fagales, rather than the genus Sirococcus, which includes several important pine pathogens. The ability of fungus to be dispersed by rain splash, transported on and in beetle vectors, transmitted by infected seed and successfully colonized several species of Juglans and Carya have all likely contributed to the rapid increase in abundance and severity of disease and tree mortality in the invaded forest ecosystems. Recent genomic and population genetic analyses have determined that there were at least three emergence events. A less virulent strain of the fungus likely has been present in the north eastern United States for over a century, but it was the emergence of a more virulent strain of the fungus in Minnesota and Wisconsin in the 1960s that resulted in range-wide mortality and pushed butternut to be listed as an endangered species in Canada and a number of states in the United States.

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Section: Current Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights into the pandemic disease butternut canker caused by the invasive pathogen Ophiognomonia clavigignenti‐juglandacearum

Broders

Boraks

Barbison³

et al. 2014

Forest Pathology

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“…Les chancres prendraient naissance dans des cicatrices foliaires, des bourgeons, des lenticelles, des blessures, des fentes naturelles sur l'écorce et, occasionnellement, dans des points où aucune blessure n'est apparente (Nair et al 1979). Les jeunes chancres de couleur noirâtre continuent à se développer d'année en année et prennent la forme d'une cible elliptique très caractéristique.…”

Section: Distribution Et Détection Du Sirococcus Clavigignentijuglandunclassified

“…Éventuelle-ment, les arbres couverts de plusieurs chancres meurent. Dans les sites où la maladie est bien installée, peu ou aucune regénération n'a lieu (Nair et al 1979).…”

Section: Distribution Et Détection Du Sirococcus Clavigignentijuglandunclassified

Distribution et détection du Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum au Québec

Innes¹,

Rainville²

2005

phyto

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La maladie du chancre du noyer cendré, causée par le Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, affecte principalement le noyer cendré, Juglans cinerea, bien que le noyer noir, Juglans nigra, et les noyers hybrides puissent en être atteints. La maladie est présente dans plusieurs États américains ainsi qu'en Ontario et au Québec. Au Québec, elle a été rapportée pour la première fois en 1990, dans la région de Fort-Coulonge, en Outaouais. Depuis, de nouveaux foyers d'infection ont été notés en forêt naturelle ainsi que dans une plantation. En 1995, elle a été observée pour la première fois sur des semis de noyer dans deux pépinières forestières québécoises. Cette détection constitue le premier cas documenté de la maladie sur des semis de noyer cendré et de noyer noir dans des pépinières forestières.Although the Sirococcus canker of butternut, caused by Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, has caused damage only to butternut, Juglans cinerea, black walnut, Juglans nigra, and hybrids of walnut are also susceptible to a certain degree. The disease is present in the United States, in Ontario and in Quebec. In Quebec, the disease was first reported in 1990 near Fort-Coulonge, in the Outaouais region. Since then, new infection sites have been observed in natural stands and in one plantation. In 1995, this disease was isolated for the first time from seedlings in two forest nurseries in Quebec. This constitutes the first report of the disease on butternut and black walnut seedlings in forest nurseries

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“…Initially, the fungus Melanconis juglandis was presumed to be the cause of the decline; however, in 1967, the fungus Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum was found to be the causal agent for butternut canker (Renlund 1971). The true role of Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum in butternut decline was only clarified after extensive research, which resulted in the publication of Sirococcus clavigignentijuglandacearum as a new taxon in 1979 (Nair et al 1979). Melanconis juglandis appears to be a secondary agent that infects dead or dying tissue after the tree has been weakened and/or branches have died off.…”

Section: Butternutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree species of concern in New Brunswick, Canada. I. Current status and threats

Loo¹,

Beardmore²,

Simpson³

et al. 2007

The Forestry Chronicle

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A process was developed by the New Brunswick Forest Gene Conservation Working Group to identify conservation needs for native tree species in New Brunswick. A multi-stakeholder, consensus-based, expert opinion process was employed to formulate a set of criteria and a rating system, which were then applied to identify tree species in New Brunswick requiring conservation attention at the genetic level. Known or presumed alien invasive insect or fungus species threaten three of these species: butternut (Juglans cinerea), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and white elm (Ulmus americana). The fourth species, bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)-with only a few remaining populations in the province-is threatened primarily by land development. Knowledge of the level, type, and pattern of genetic variability differs widely, depending on the species. Only American beech is naturally broadly distributed in the province. The distribution of the other three species is limited by their specific habitat requirements, and contributes to their vulnerability to new threats.Key words: American beech, bur oak, butternut, criteria, gene conservation, genetic variability, species status, threats, vulnerability, white elm RÉSUMÉ Un processus a été élaboré par le Groupe de travail de conservation du patrimoine génétique forestier du NouveauBrunswick afin d'identifier les besoins en conservation des espèces indigènes du Nouveau-Brunswick. Un processus établi par consensus à partir de l'opinion d'experts représentants différents intervenants, a été employé pour formuler un ensemble de critères et un système de classement qui ont été par la suite utilisés pour identifier les espèces indigènes du Nouveau-Brunswick nécessitant que leur soient portées une attention au niveau de la génétique. Des insectes exotiques ou des champignons sont connus pour ou soupçonnés de menacer trois espèces : le noyer cendré (Juglans cinerea), l'hêtre à grandes feuilles (Fagus grandifolia) et l'orme d'Amérique (Ulmus americana). Une quatrième espèce, le chêne à gros fruits (Quercus macrocarpa)-dont il ne reste que quelques populations dans la province-est menacée principalement par le développement du territoire. Les connaissances relatives au niveau, au type et patron de variabilité génétique diffèrent grandement selon les espèces. Seul le hêtre à grandes feuilles a une distribution naturelle couvrant l'ensemble de la province. La distribution des trois autres espèces est limitée en fonction de leurs propres besoins spécifiques en matière d'habitat et contribue à leur vulnérabilité face à de nouvelles menaces.

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Sirococcus Clavigignenti-Juglandacearum: An Undescribed Species Causing Canker on Butternut

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Recent insights into the pandemic disease butternut canker caused by the invasive pathogen Ophiognomonia clavigignenti‐juglandacearum

Recent insights into the pandemic disease butternut canker caused by the invasive pathogen Ophiognomonia clavigignenti‐juglandacearum

Distribution et détection du Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum au Québec

Tree species of concern in New Brunswick, Canada. I. Current status and threats

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