<i>Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes</i>

Duffie, John A.; Beckman, W.A.; McGowan, J.G.

doi:10.1119/1.14178

Cited by 1,163 publications

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“…Measurements were done every 5 minutes, starting at 09:47 AM until 14:00 PM or 10:14 to 14:27 solar time. To give an overview of the dynamics of the Results were obtained by calculation using time correction factor (TC) formula [6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Scale Experiment: Thermal Performance Comparison Between Fiber-Cement Roof and Photovoltaic Roof in Malang, Indonesia

Bonifacius

Ekasiwi

2013

MST

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Irradiation on the surface of photovoltaic module heats up the photovoltaic module itself and the room underneath the roof of integrated photovoltaic building in the tropics area. Room heating reduces thermal condition and photovoltaic module surface heating reduces its performance in generating electricity. This paper discusses an experiment of measuring the surface temperature of photovoltaic modules and fiber-cement roof surface as a comparison. This experiment also measures the impact of rising temperatures in each space underneath. It used small-scale mock-ups exposed to direct sunlight. The result of the experiment shows that photovoltaic roof surface temperature is lower than fiber-cement roof temperature. The temperature of room under photovoltaic roof is also lower than the one under fibercement roof. Empirical calculation shows that loss of electrical power found is only up to 1.7%. AbstrakEksperimen Skala Kecil: Komparasi Kinerja Termal Atap Fiber Semen dan Atap Fotovoltaik di Malang Indonesia. Pada bangunan fotovoltaik terintegrasi pada atap di daerah tropik, sinar matahari yang jatuh pada permukaan modul fotovoltaik berpeluang memanaskan modul photovoltaic itu sendiri dan memanaskan ruangan di bawahnya. Pemanasan ruangan menurunkan kondisi termal sedangkan pemanasan modul menurunkan kinerjanya dalam menghasilkan listrik. Paper ini membahas eksperimen pengukuran suhu permukaan modul fotovoltaik dan permukaan atap asbes semen sebagai pembanding. Kegiatan ini juga mengukur dampak kenaikan suhu pada masing-masing ruang di bawahnya. Eksperimen menggunakan mock-up berskala kecil yang dipaparkan ke sinar matahari langsung. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa suhu permukaan atap fotovoltaik lebih rendah daripada atap fiber semen. Suhu ruang di bawah atap fotovoltaik juga lebih rendah daripada suhu ruang di bawah atap fiber semen. Perhitungan empiris menunjukkan bahwa kerugian penurunan daya listrik yang ditemukan tidak lebih dari 1,7%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Scale Experiment: Thermal Performance Comparison Between Fiber-Cement Roof and Photovoltaic Roof in Malang, Indonesia

Bonifacius

Ekasiwi

2013

MST

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“…Radiometric properties of the covering materials were defined by means of the transmissivity coefficients calculated as average values of the spectral transmissivity over different wavelength bands: the solar wavelength range (300-2500 nm), the PAR range (400-700 nm) and the long wave infrared radiation (LWIR) range (>3000 nm). The transmissivity coefficients in the solar range were calculated as the weighted average value of the spectral transmissivity over the wavelength intervals using the spectral distribution of the terrestrial solar radiation at the ground level as weighting function [Duffie 1991;Papadakis 2000;Vox 2007].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nets for Peach Protected Cultivation

Schettini

2012

J Agricult Engineer

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The aim of this paper was to investigate the radiometric properties of coloured nets used to protect a peach cultivation. The modifications of the solar spectral distribution, mainly in the R and FR wavelength band, influence plant photomorphogenesis by means of the phytochrome and cryptochrome. The phytochrome response is characterized in terms of radiation rate in the red wavelengths (R, 600-700 nm) to that in the farred radiation (FR, 700-800 nm), i.e. the R/FR ratio. The effects of the blue radiation (B, 400-500 nm) is investigated by the ratio between the blue radiation and the far-red radiation, i.e. the B/FR ratio. A BLUE net, a RED net, a YELLOW net, a PEARL net, a GREY net and a NEUTRAL net were tested in Bari (Italy), latitude 41° 05’ N. Peach trees were located in pots inside the greenhouses and in open field. The growth of the trees cultivated in open field was lower in comparison to the growth of the trees grown under the nets. The RED, PEARL, YELLOW and GREY nets increased the growth of the trees more than the other nets. The nets positively influenced the fruit characteristics, such as fruit weight and flesh firmness

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“…Essential background of irradiation models is covered in Duffie & Beckman (2001). Budin & Budin (1982) gives a detailed and mathematically rigorous account of the shading algorithm, which begins with fixing a coordinate system at the point of interest on the earth's surface and then describing the sun's position through the use of the hour angle ω, site latitude ϕ and solar declination δ.…”

Section: Large Scale Solar Irradiation Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating shading losses in solar photovoltaic potential assessment at the municipal scale

2012

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Recently several algorithms have been developed to calculate the solar photovoltaic (PV) potential on the basis of 2.5D raster data that can capture urban morphology. This study provides a new algorithm that (i) incorporates both terrain and near surface shadowing effects on the beam component; (ii) scales down the diffuse components of global irradiation; and (iii) utilizes free and open source GRASS and the module r.sun in modeling irradiation. This algorithm is semiautomatic and easy to upgrade or correct (no hand drawn areas), open source, detailed and provides rules of thumb for PV system design at the municipal level. The workflow is pilot tested on LiDAR data for 100 buildings in downtown Kingston, Ontario. Shading behavior was considered and suitable roof sections for solar PV installations selected using a multi-criteria objective. At sub-meter resolution and small time steps the effect of occlusion from near object was determined. Annual daily horizontal irradiation values were refined at 0.55m resolution and were shown to be lower than those obtained at 90 m by 30%. The robustness of r.sun as capable of working with different levels of surface complexity has been confirmed. Finally, the trade off of each computation option (spatial resolution, time step and shading effect) has been quantified at the meso scale, to assist planners in developing the appropriate computation protocols for their regions.

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Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes

Cited by 1,163 publications

References 0 publications

Small Scale Experiment: Thermal Performance Comparison Between Fiber-Cement Roof and Photovoltaic Roof in Malang, Indonesia

Small Scale Experiment: Thermal Performance Comparison Between Fiber-Cement Roof and Photovoltaic Roof in Malang, Indonesia

Nets for Peach Protected Cultivation

Incorporating shading losses in solar photovoltaic potential assessment at the municipal scale

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