Spatholobus suberectus Exhibits Antidiabetic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo through Activation of AKT‐AMPK Pathway

Abstract

Glucose deposition in peripheral tissue is an important parameter for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Spatholobus suberectus (Ss) on glucose disposal in skeletal muscle cells and additionally explore its in vivo antidiabetic potential. Treatment of ethanolic extract of S. suberectus (EeSs) significantly enhanced the glucose uptake, mediated through the enhanced expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle via the stimulation of AKT and AMPK pathways in C2C12 cells. Moreover, EeSs have potential inhibitory action on α-glucosidase activity and significantly lowered the postprandial blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic mice, associated with increased expression of GLUT4 and AKT and/or AMPK-mediated signaling cascade in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, administration of EeSs significantly boosted up the antioxidant enzyme expression and also mitigated the gluconeogenesis enzyme such as PEPCK and G-6-Pase enzyme expression in liver tissue of STZ-induced diabetic mice model. Collectively, these findings suggest that EeSs have a high potentiality to mitigate diabetic symptoms through stimulating glucose uptake in peripheral tissue via the activation of AKT and AMPK signaling cascade and augmenting antioxidant potentiality as well as blocking the gluconeogenesis process in diabetic mice.

Targeting AMPK signaling pathway by natural products for treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications

“…However, other scientists found that in the L6 muscle cell line, this mechanism is not involved, suggesting the mechanism is still unclear. In the antioxidant assays, significant scavenging activity of free Furthermore, Ss showed potent antioxidant ability that helped in counteracting the effects of diabetes and also blocked gluconeogenesis in diabetic mice (Zhao et al, 2017).…”

Spatholobus suberectus Ameliorates Diabetes-Induced Renal Damage by Suppressing Advanced Glycation End Products in db/db Mice

“…The antidiabetic effect of S . suberectus in type 1 diabetes is already known [ 18 ] but the effect of S . suberectus on AGEs-induced diabetic nephropathy and the underlying mechanism are yet to be reported.…”

“…For these reasons, we evaluated the other diabetes-inducing factors such as dyslipidemia, urine ACR, and glycotoxicity in this study. Zhao et al [ 18 ] used 100% ethanol extract of S . suberectus and C57BL/6j mice, whereas our experiment used 70% ethanol extract and db/db mice.…”

“…Based on these observations, we cautiously presumed that the enhanced glucose uptake of S . suberectus in the study by Zhao et al [ 18 ] is attributable to some of the hydrophobic components of the EU extract. However, this discussion may not be conclusive and need to more research.…”

“…Moreover, Zhao et al demonstrated that S . suberectus had a protective effect against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in a mouse model [ 18 ]. Nonetheless, no study has investigated the anti-AGEs activity and protective effect of S .…”