Sphagnum divinum(sp. nov.) andS. mediumLimpr. and their relationship toS. magellanicumBrid.

Hassel, Kristian; Kyrkjeeide, Magni Olsen; Yousefi, Narjes; Prestø, Tommy; Stenøien, Hans K.; Shaw, Jonathan; Flatberg, Kjell Ivar

doi:10.1080/03736687.2018.1474424

Cited by 108 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. was treated a single taxon in accordance with other recent ecological studies (Bengtsson et al ., , ; Mazziotta et al ., ) despite the current taxonomic status of S. magellanicum sensu lato as a species complex (Hassel et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Functional trait evolution in Sphagnum peat mosses and its relationship to niche construction

Piatkowski

Shaw

2019

New Phytologist

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Summary Species in the genus Sphagnum create, maintain, and dominate boreal peatlands through ‘extended phenotypes’ that allow these organisms to engineer peatland ecosystems and thereby impact global biogeochemical cycles. One such phenotype is the production of peat, or incompletely decomposed biomass, that accumulates when rates of growth exceed decomposition. Interspecific variation in peat production is thought to be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of ecological gradients such as the microtopographic hummock‐hollow gradient, along which sympatric species sort within communities. This study investigated the mode and tempo of functional trait evolution across 15 species of Sphagnum using data from the most extensive studies of Sphagnum functional traits to date and phylogenetic comparative methods. We found evidence for phylogenetic conservatism of the niche descriptor height‐above‐water‐table and of traits related to growth, decay and litter quality. However, we failed to detect the influence of phylogeny on interspecific variation in other traits such as shoot density and suggest that environmental context can obscure phylogenetic signal. Trait correlations indicate possible adaptive syndromes that may relate to niche and its construction. This study is the first to formally test the extent to which functional trait variation among Sphagnum species is a result of shared evolutionary history.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Functional trait evolution in Sphagnum peat mosses and its relationship to niche construction

Piatkowski

Shaw

2019

New Phytologist

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“…Typical of bogs in northern Minnesota with an open tree cover (Vitt & Slack, ), there is a nearly continuous cover of mosses, primarily Sphagnum angustifolium , S. fallax , and S. magellanicum . [ S. magellanicum has recently been separated into three species (Hassel et al, ), but the new taxonomic identity of the species in our bog has not yet been determined.] As in other similar bogs, S. fallax is found primarily in hollows, whereas S. angustifolium and S. magellanicum are found primarily in somewhat drier microhabitats, including lawns, low hummocks, and the flanks of high hummocks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid loss of an ecosystem engineer: Sphagnum decline in an experimentally warmed bog

Norby

Childs

Hanson

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

105

154

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Sphagnum mosses are keystone components of peatland ecosystems. They facilitate the accumulation of carbon in peat deposits, but climate change is predicted to expose peatland ecosystem to sustained and unprecedented warming leading to a significant release of carbon to the atmosphere. Sphagnum responses to climate change, and their interaction with other components of the ecosystem, will determine the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. We measured the growth and productivity of Sphagnum in an ombrotrophic bog in northern Minnesota, where ten 12.8‐m‐diameter plots were exposed to a range of whole‐ecosystem (air and soil) warming treatments (+0 to +9°C) in ambient or elevated (+500 ppm) CO2. The experiment is unique in its spatial and temporal scale, a focus on response surface analysis encompassing the range of elevated temperature predicted to occur this century, and consideration of an effect of co‐occurring CO2 altering the temperature response surface. In the second year of warming, dry matter increment of Sphagnum increased with modest warming to a maximum at 5°C above ambient and decreased with additional warming. Sphagnum cover declined from close to 100% of the ground area to <50% in the warmest enclosures. After three years of warming, annual Sphagnum productivity declined linearly with increasing temperature (13–29 g C/m2 per °C warming) due to widespread desiccation and loss of Sphagnum. Productivity was less in elevated CO2 enclosures, which we attribute to increased shading by shrubs. Sphagnum desiccation and growth responses were associated with the effects of warming on hydrology. The rapid decline of the Sphagnum community with sustained warming, which appears to be irreversible, can be expected to have many follow‐on consequences to the structure and function of this and similar ecosystems, with significant feedbacks to the global carbon cycle and climate change.

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“…The number of records (N) for each species (Tot) and for each combination of microtopography and openness are also reported. Nomenclature follows Flatberg (2013) but it should be noted that S. magellanicum found in Europe was recently split into two species (Hassel et al, 2018) and our data likely contain samples from both species In each equation (Tables 3 and 4 The (Bengtsson et al, 2016aGranath et al, 2012;Hayward & Clymo, 1983;Laing et al, 2014a;Rice et al, 2008). Tables 3 and 4.…”

Section: Statistical Specifications Of the Piecewise Semmentioning

confidence: 95%

Scaling functional traits to ecosystem processes: Towards a mechanistic understanding in peat mosses

et al. 2018

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The role of trait trade‐offs and environmental filtering in explaining the variability in functional traits and ecosystem processes has received considerable attention for vascular plants but less so for bryophytes. Thus, we do not know whether the same forces also shape the phenotypic variability of bryophytes. Here, we assess how environmental gradients and trade‐offs shape functional traits and subsequently ecosystem processes for peat mosses (Sphagnum), a globally important plant genus for carbon accumulation. We used piecewise Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to understand how environmental gradients influence vital processes across levels of biological organization. We gathered data on functional traits for 15 globally important Sphagnum species covering a wide range of ecological preferences. Phenotypes lie along well‐established axes of the plant economic spectrum characterizing trade‐offs between vital physiological functions. Using SEM, we clarified the mechanisms of trait covariation and scaling to ecosystem processes. We tested whether peat mosses, like vascular plants, constrain trait variability between a fast turnover strategy based on resource acquisition via fast traits and processes, and a strategy of resource conservation, via slow traits and processes. We parameterized a process‐based model estimating ecosystem processes linking environmental drivers with architectural and functional traits. In our SEM approach the amount of variance explained varied substantially (0.29 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.82) among traits and processes in Sphagnum, and the model could predict some of them with high to intermediate accuracy for an independent dataset. R2 variability was mainly explained by traits and species identity, and poorly by environmental filtering. Some Sphagnum species avoid the stress caused by periodic desiccation in hollows via resource acquisition based on fast photosynthesis and growth, while other species are adapted to grow high above the water‐table on hummocks by slow physiological traits and processes to conserve resources. Synthesis.We contribute to a unified theory generating individual fitness, canopy dynamics and ecosystem processes from trait variation. As for vascular plants, the functional traits in the Sphagnum economic spectrum are linked into an integrated phenotypic network partly filtered by the environment and shaped by trade‐offs in resource acquisition and conservation.

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Sphagnum divinum(sp. nov.) andS. mediumLimpr. and their relationship toS. magellanicumBrid.

Cited by 108 publications

References 29 publications

Functional trait evolution in Sphagnum peat mosses and its relationship to niche construction

Functional trait evolution in Sphagnum peat mosses and its relationship to niche construction

Rapid loss of an ecosystem engineer: Sphagnum decline in an experimentally warmed bog

Scaling functional traits to ecosystem processes: Towards a mechanistic understanding in peat mosses

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