<i>Staphylococcus</i>-associated Abortions in Ewes with Long-term Central Venous Catheterization

Edwards, John F.; Lassala, Arantzatzu; Spencer, Thomas E.

doi:10.1354/vp.45-6-881

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Although thrombophlebitis is a risk for IVC infection, interpretation of our study results and previous studies in cattle might not be directly comparable. The prevalence in the previous study in sheep was higher (61.9%) than in our study possibly because of the longer duration (>24 days) of catheter maintenance. Comparable studies determining prevalence of IVC infections are not available in goats.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

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Prevalence of and risk factors for intravenous catheter infection in hospitalized cattle, goats, and sheep

King

Byrne

Chigerwe

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Intravenous catheter (IVC) use in hospitalized ruminants is a common procedure. Limited information is available describing complications associated with IVCs.Hypotheses: Prevalence of IVC infections in hospitalized ruminants is >50%. Intravenous catheters maintained for >5 days are more likely to be infected than those maintained for <5 days. Intravenous catheters placed non-aseptically have a higher risk for infection than those placed aseptically.Animals: Thirty-four cattle, 39 goats, and 33 sheep were hospitalized in a university teaching hospital.Methods: Prospective observational study. The IVCs from cattle, goats, and sheep admitted for medical and surgical procedures were randomly selected and submitted for bacteriological culture and susceptibility testing. Results: Prevalence values (95% confidence interval) of infected catheters were 61.8 (45.5, 78.1), 51.3 (35.3, 66.7), and 42.4% (25.2, 58.8) in cattle, goats, and sheep, respectively. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp was the most frequently isolated bacterium. Catheter type/placement technique was a significant (P = .03) predictor of IVC infection in goats but not in cattle (P = .65) and sheep (P = .47). Antibiotic use and reason for catheter placement were not significant predictors of IVC infection in all species. Catheters maintained for >4 days had a higher likelihood of being infected than those maintained for <4 days in all species. Conclusions and Clinical importance: Clinicians should consider replacing catheters maintained for >4 days to reduce IVC infection. K E Y W O R D S antibiotic, aseptic, bacteria, coagulase-negative Staphylococci 1 | INTRODUCTION Use of IV catheters (IVCs) in hospitalized cattle, goats, and sheep is a common medical procedure for administering fluids, parenteral nutrition, and drugs. In human patients, IVC placement is associated with Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standard

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Complications after IVC placement in cattle include Staphylococcus spp infection of the catheter and thrombophlebitis . In an experimental model in pregnant sheep, long‐term IVC placement is a risk factor for abortion after infection of the catheters by Staphylococcus aureus …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of and risk factors for intravenous catheter infection in hospitalized cattle, goats, and sheep

King

Byrne

Chigerwe

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Furthermore, Staphylococus spp. can colonise the reproductive systems of, and cause abortions in, cattle [41,42] and cause human infertility [43]. Based on our results, S. aureus is especially relevant due to its capacity for survival and spread in frozen storage [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evidence Reveals Both Cross-Infection and Cross-Contamination Risk of Embryo Storage in Liquid Nitrogen Biobanks

Marín

García‐Domínguez

Montoro-Dasi

et al. 2020

Animals

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In recent decades, gamete and embryo cryopreservation have become routine procedures in livestock and human assisted reproduction. However, the safe storage of germplasm and the prevention of disease transmission continue to be potential hazards of disease transmission through embryo transfer. This study aimed to demonstrate the potential risk of cross-infection of embryos from contaminated liquid nitrogen, and cross-contamination of sterile liquid nitrogen from infected embryos in naked and closed devices. Additionally, we examined the effects of antibiotic-free media on culture development of infected embryos. The study was a laboratory-based analysis using rabbit as a model. Two experiments were performed to evaluate both cross-infection (liquid nitrogen to embryos) and cross-contamination (embryos to liquid nitrogen) of artificially inoculated Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Aspergillus brasiliensis. Rapid cooling through vitrification was conducted on rabbit embryos, stored for a year, thawed, and cultured. In vivo produced late morulae–early blastocyst stages (72 h) embryos were used (n = 480). Embryos were cultured for 1 h in solutions with and without pathogens. Then, the embryos were vitrified and stored in naked and closed devices for one year in two liquid nitrogen biobanks (one pathogen-free and the other artificially contaminated). Embryos were warmed and cultured for a further 48 h, assessing the development and the presence of microorganism (chromogenic media, scanning electron microscopy). Embryos stored in naked devices in artificially contaminated liquid nitrogen became infected (12.5%), while none of the embryos stored in closed devices were infected. Meanwhile, storage of artificially infected embryos incurred liquid nitrogen biobank contamination (100%). Observations by scanning electron microscopy revealed that all the microorganisms were caught in the surface of embryos after the vitrification-thawed procedure. Nevertheless, embryos cultured in antibiotics and antimycotic medium developed to the hatched blastocyst stage, while artificially infected embryos cultured in antibiotic-free medium failed to develop. In conclusion, our findings support that both cross-contamination and cross-infection during embryo storage in liquid nitrogen biobanks are plausible. So, to ensure biosafety for the cryogenic storage, closed systems that avoid direct contact with liquid nitrogen must be used. Moreover, it seems essential to provide best practice guidelines for the cryogenic preservation and storage of gametes and embryos, to define appropriate quality and risk management procedures.

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“…3 Actinobacillus seminis has been associated with abortion and metritis in ewes and may be transmitted from carrier rams. 11,138 Burkholderia pseudomallei is a zoonotic agent that causes goat abortion and most frequently is identified in Australia and Southeast Asia. 137 Abortion from Staphylococcus aureus was reported in more than 50% of ewes that underwent long-term venous catheterization and also may be an opportunistic pathogen.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Bacterial Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theriogenology of Sheep and Goats

Edmondson,

Roberts,

Baird

et al. 2012

Sheep and Goat Medicine

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Staphylococcus-associated Abortions in Ewes with Long-term Central Venous Catheterization

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence of and risk factors for intravenous catheter infection in hospitalized cattle, goats, and sheep

Prevalence of and risk factors for intravenous catheter infection in hospitalized cattle, goats, and sheep

Experimental Evidence Reveals Both Cross-Infection and Cross-Contamination Risk of Embryo Storage in Liquid Nitrogen Biobanks

Theriogenology of Sheep and Goats

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