Staphylococcus
 Efflux
 msr
 (A) Gene Characterized in
 Streptococcus
 ,
 Enterococcus
 ,
 Corynebacterium
 , and
 Pseudomonas
 Isolates

Ojo, Kayode K.; Striplin, Megan J.; Ulep, Catherine; Close, Natasha; Zittle, Jennifer; Luís, Henrique; Bernardo, Mário; Leitão, Jorge H.; Roberts, Marilyn C.

doi:10.1128/aac.50.3.1089-1091.2006

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Regarding Enterobacteriaceae, the msr(A) gene has only been reported in an isolate of Enterobacter spp., in which no other of the macrolide-resistance mechanisms sought was found (Ojo et al, 2006). This isolate presented high levels of erythromycin resistance, despite some reports indicating a loss of MsrA activity when cloned in E. coli (Matsuoka et al, 1999).…”

Section: Transferable Efflux Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Macrolide resistance mechanisms inEnterobacteriaceae: Focus on azithromycin

Gomes

Martínez-Puchol

Palma

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

119

120

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Section: Transferable Efflux Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Macrolide resistance mechanisms inEnterobacteriaceae: Focus on azithromycin

Gomes

Martínez-Puchol

Palma

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

119

120

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“…73 A macrolide-specific ABC-type pump, macAB , has been identified in E. coli , 74 while the Msr family of macrolide pumps is known to have spread from Staphylococcus to other genera such as Streptococcus and Pseudomonas. 75 Among Gram-negative bacteria, the RND family is a major class of multidrug efflux pumps, which partially account for the persistence of these pathogens in clinical settings. 76,77 Recent studies have identified amino acid residues specifically responsible for macrolide resistance via the RND transporter complex AcrAB-TolC in E. coli .…”

Section: Macrolides and Ketolides–from Fermentation To Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Products as Platforms To Overcome Antibiotic Resistance

2017

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Natural products have served as powerful therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since the golden age of antibiotics of the mid-20th century. However, the increasing frequency of antibiotic-resistant infections clearly demonstrates that new antibiotics are critical for modern medicine. Because combinatorial approaches have not yielded effective drugs, we propose that the development of new antibiotics around proven natural scaffolds is the best short-term solution to the rising crisis of antibiotic resistance. We analyze herein synthetic approaches aiming to reengineer natural products into potent antibiotics. Furthermore, we discuss approaches in modulating quorum sensing and biofilm formation as a nonlethal method, as well as narrowspectrum pathogen-specific antibiotics, which are of interest given new insights into the implications of disrupting the microbiome.

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“…High homology ( 1 98% identity) variants of the msr(A) determinant have been identified in both S. aureus ( msr (SA) and msr (SA)) and S. xylosus ( msr (B)) [Roberts et al, 1999]. In addition to these staphylococcal species, msr (A) determinants have also been identified in Enterococcus , Streptococcus , Corynebacterium and Gram-negative Pseudomonas species [Ojo et al, 2006].…”

Section: Msr(a)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Export Proteins Mediating Drug Resistance in Staphylococci

2007

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Drug resistance mediated by integral membrane transporters is an important mode of cellular resistance to cytotoxic agents across all classes of living organisms. Gram-positive bacteria, such as staphylococcal species, are not encapsulated by a selective outer membrane permeability barrier. Therefore, these organisms often employ integral membrane drug transport systems to maintain cellular concentrations of antimicrobials at subtoxic levels. Staphylococcal species, including the opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, encode a multitude of drug exporters, encompassing transporters from each of the five currently recognized families of bacterial drug resistance transporters. A number of these transporters are chromosomally encoded and allow the host cell to realize clinically significant levels of drug resistance after minor mutations to regulatory regions. Others are plasmid-encoded and can be easily passed between staphylococcal strains and species, or acquired from other Gram-positive genera. In combination, staphylococcal drug transporters potentiate resistance to a vast array of antimicrobial compounds, including macrolide, quinolone, tetracycline and streptogramin antibiotics, as well as a broad range of biocides, such as quaternary ammonium compounds, biguanidines and diamidines. An understanding of the genetic and molecular properties of drug transporters will lead to effective treatments of staphylococcal infections. Here we provide a detailed review of the active drug transporters of the staphylococci.

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Staphylococcus Efflux msr (A) Gene Characterized in Streptococcus , Enterococcus , Corynebacterium , and Pseudomonas Isolates

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Macrolide resistance mechanisms inEnterobacteriaceae: Focus on azithromycin

Macrolide resistance mechanisms inEnterobacteriaceae: Focus on azithromycin

Natural Products as Platforms To Overcome Antibiotic Resistance

Active Export Proteins Mediating Drug Resistance in Staphylococci

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