Staphylococcus pseudintermediusandStaphylococcus schleiferiSubspeciescoagulansfrom Canine Pyoderma Cases in Grenada, West Indies, and Their Susceptibility to Beta-Lactam Drugs

Abstract

Over a 2-year period 66 cases of canine pyoderma in Grenada, West Indies, were examined by aerobic culture in order to ascertain the bacteria involved and their antimicrobial resistance patterns. Of the 116 total bacterial isolates obtained, the majority belonged to Gram-positive species, and the most common organism identified through biochemical and molecular methods was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Additionally, identification of a Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans isolate was confirmed by molecular methods. All isolates of staphylococci were susceptible to beta-lactam drugs: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefovecin, cefoxitin, cefpodoxime, and cephalothin. They were also susceptible to chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin. Resistance was highest to tetracycline. Methicillin resistance was not detected in any isolate of S. pseudintermedius or in S. schleiferi. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, the most common species was Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii/calcoaceticus. The only drug to which all Gram-negative isolates were susceptible was enrofloxacin. This report is the first to confirm the presence of S. pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans, in dogs with pyoderma in Grenada, and the susceptibility of staphylococcal isolates to the majority of beta-lactam drugs used in veterinary practice.

First identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains among coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from dogs with otitis externa in Trinidad, West Indies

“…Our studies revealed that most of the coagulase-positive staphylococci were susceptible to cephalothin and gentamicin and by comparison, the majority were resistant to neomycin. Not surprisingly, the susceptibility of staphylococci from dogs to cephalothin and gentamicin has previously been reported as relatively high in earlier studies ( 5 , 7 , 20 , 21 ). A high degree of resistance to neomycin was seen in this study, although there was no information implicating its routine use in the treatment of otitis externa.…”

“…The relatively low occurrence of MRSP among staphylococci from dogs in this study (2 out of 65 isolates) is consistent with previous reports ( 27 , 28 ). Furthermore, a recent study in Grenada reported a lack of methicillin resistance in 28 isolates of S. pseudintermedius from cases of canine pyoderma ( 21 ). Indeed, MRSP has previously been detected at veterinary teaching hospitals ( 28 – 30 ), and evidence indicates that they can cause infections in humans ( 11 , 25 ).…”

An evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification ofStaphylococcus pseudintermediusisolates from canine infections

“…8,13,19 SIG includes 3 distinct species: Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and Staphylococcus delphini. 1,14 The newest described species, S. pseudintermedius, is the most common cause of canine staphylococcal infections.…”

Cats are not small dogs: is there an immunological explanation for why cats are less affected by arthropod-borne disease than dogs?

“…Finally, dogs and cats are susceptible to different spectra of infectious diseases other than the arthropod-borne infections. For example, dogs are more commonly affected by bacterial pyoderma [ 71 ], leptospirosis [ 72 – 74 ] and systemic or non-invasive upper respiratory fungal infections [ 75 ] than cats, but cats are increasingly reported with mycobacterial infections [ 76 ] or invasive upper respiratory tract fungal infections [ 77 ]. Cats are much more often affected by a range of viral infections than dogs (e.g.…”