Stenotrophomonas MaltophiliaInfections

Abstract

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous, gram-negative organism that causes hospital-acquired infections. Persons often come in contact with S. maltophilia through environmental water sources, including hospital tap water or faucets, and it has been associated with nosocomial outbreaks of infection. S. maltophilia often infects debilitated persons and those with underlying medical conditions, including immunosuppression. Manifestations of infection include pneumonia, often in mechanically ventilated patients, bacteremia, skin and soft tissue infection, urinary tract infection, and endocarditis. Treatment of S. maltophilia infection is difficult because the organism is resistant to a number of agents typically used for hospital-acquired infections. In vitro and clinical data indicate that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the agent of choice. Beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanate are also active, and combination therapy may be indicated for certain serious infections due to S. maltophilia.

Histopathology and Genotyping in Infectious Spondylitis of HIV- and HIV+ Patients

“…These organisms are usually associated with depressed immunity as a result of cancer, surgical complications, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, trauma, and septicemia. 8,9,14,20,21,23,[32][33][34]36,38,39,49 In the present study however, they were more commonly associated with the HIV-uninfected. These findings illustrated susceptibility to atypical opportunistic infections in the local setting may not be associated with HIV-infection thus discounting our second hypothesis of a correlation.…”

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Endocarditis of Prosthetic Mitral Valve

“…Thus, S. maltophilia from contaminated medical equipment in hospitals may cause endocarditis when the skin barrier is broken (2,6). In particular, prior valve replacement is one of the predisposing factors that accounts for approximately 40% to 60% of the endocarditis cases (5-7).…”

“…In a hospital setting, it has been found on water-related sources and contaminated medical equipment (1)(2)(3). Although S. maltophilia is not highly virulent, it is increasingly being recognized as an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious nosocomial infections such as pneumonia and bacteremia, especially in immunocompromised patients (1)(2)(3).…”

“…In a hospital setting, it has been found on water-related sources and contaminated medical equipment (1)(2)(3). Although S. maltophilia is not highly virulent, it is increasingly being recognized as an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious nosocomial infections such as pneumonia and bacteremia, especially in immunocompromised patients (1)(2)(3). Endocarditis due to S. maltophilia is very rare, and its treatment is challenging because of the resistance of S. maltophilia to multiple antibiotics and the patient's underlying illness; these factors lead to a high mortality rate (4)(5)(6)(7).…”

Ecthyma Gangrenosum: A Rare Cutaneous Manifestation Caused byStenotrophomonas maltophiliain a Leukemic Patient

“…Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, formerly named Xanthomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas maltophilia, is an aerobic, gram-negative bacillus and has emerged as an important opportunistic nosocomial infection often associated with central venous catheter-related bacteremia 16,17 .…”