<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>
            Antigen Test Using Positive Blood Culture Bottles as an Alternative Method To Diagnose Pneumococcal Bacteremia

Petti, Cathy A.; Woods, Christopher W.; Reller, L. Barth

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.5.2510-2512.2005

Cited by 67 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…There is a great need for discussion as to the most locally appropriate techniques for the vast populations without access to infectious disease diagnostics (39)(40)(41). Antigen-detecting RDTs/ latex tests have been shown to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae (42,43), Staphylococcus aureus (44) and B. pseudomallei (45) in blood culture fluid. A panel of region-appropriate pathogen antigen-detecting RDTs, combined with simple staining and biochemical and serological algorithms (46) with inexpensive blood culture bottles, could be a potential accurate and accelerated but inexpensive diagnostic strategy for clinical laboratories in resource-poor countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Simple Blood Culture Amplification and Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Bacteremia

et al. 2013

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In most areas where typhoid is endemic, laboratory diagnosis is not possible due to the lack of appropriate facilities. We investigated whether the combination of blood culture amplification of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi with an S. Typhi antigen rapid diagnostic test (RDT) could be an accurate and inexpensive tool for the accelerated diagnosis of patients with acute typhoid in Laos. For a panel of 23 Gram-negative reference pathogens, the Standard Diagnostics (catalog no. 15FK20; Kyonggi-do, South Korea) RDT gave positive results for S. Typhi NCTC 8385, S. Typhi NCTC 786 (Vi negative), Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (ATCC 13076), and Salmonella enterica serovar Ndolo NCTC 8700 (all group D). In a prospective study of 6,456 blood culture bottles from 3,028 patients over 15 months, 392 blood culture bottles (6.1%) from 221 (7.3%) patients had Gramnegative rods (GNRs) seen in the blood culture fluid. The sensitivity, negative predictive value, specificity, and positive predictive value were 96.7%, 99.5%, 97.9%, and 87.9%, respectively, for patients with proven S. Typhi bacteremia and 91.2%, 98.4%, 98.9%, and 93.9% for patients with group D Salmonella. The median (range) number of days between diagnosis by RDT and reference assays was 1 (؊1 to ؉2) day for those with confirmed S. Typhi. The use of antigen-based pathogen detection in blood culture fluid may be a useful, relatively rapid, inexpensive, and accurate technique for the identification of important causes of bacteremia in the tropics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Simple Blood Culture Amplification and Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Bacteremia

et al. 2013

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“…However, studies have been performed on nasopharyngeal secretions (10), middle ear effusions (11), cerebrospinal fluids (36), bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (17), pleural fluids (30), and blood cultures (29). The present study included the first three of these sample types, and the test was further successfully adapted to bone tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Binax NOW Test as a Tool for Diagnosis of Severe Acute Otitis Media and Associated Complications

Gisselsson-Solén

Bylander²,

Wilhelmsson

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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The diagnosis of acute otitis media (AOM) is often difficult, depending heavily on the experience and skills of the examiner. However, it is important to identify episodes of AOM that involve the risk of complications and to treat these episodes appropriately. The present study was performed in order to evaluate the use of a rapid antigen assay for Streptococcus pneumoniae, the Binax NOW test, as a diagnostic tool in patients with severe AOM and associated complications. The study included 70 patients with 74 episodes of AOM, 18 of them with complications. Cultures, Binax NOW tests, and a PCR assay were performed on nasopharyngeal secretions, middle ear fluid, and in some cases mastoid bone, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. According to culture and PCR of the middle ear fluid, 30 (41%) of the episodes were caused by S. pneumoniae. The Binax NOW test was positive in 24 of these episodes (80%). It identified pneumococcal AOM independent of antibiotic treatment, and it was easily adapted to bone tissue. The test yielded sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for middle ear specimens of 85%, 100%, 100%, and 89%, respectively. The corresponding positive and negative values for predicting the bacterial etiology with nasopharyngeal secretions were 51% and 75%. This study showed that the Binax NOW test is a useful diagnostic tool for patients with severe AOM with or without complications.Acute purulent otitis media (AOM) is the most common bacterial infection diagnosed among children. By 3 years of age, up to 85% of all children have experienced at least one episode of AOM (40), and 15 to 20% of the children suffer from recurrent episodes (1, 7).The most frequent microbiological cause of AOM is Streptococcus pneumoniae (26 to 48%), followed by Haemophilus influenzae (15 to 41%), Moraxella catarrhalis (23 to 25%), and Streptococcus pyogenes (4 to 8%) (2,3,20,27). S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes are the two most virulent pathogens of the middle ear, and they are the leading causes of complications such as mastoiditis, labyrinthitis, and meningitis (15,22,23,28,38).AOM is the single most common reason for prescribing antibiotics to children (12, 24). The antibiotic load and selective pressure in the youngest age groups are consequently high, and clinical problems with antibiotic resistance have emerged (5, 41). The routine use of antimicrobial drugs in AOM treatment has been reevaluated in recent years, and watchful waiting has become an alternative (34). Watchful waiting is, however, not without risk. A safer approach is to use stricter diagnostic criteria for AOM, to improve the diagnostic tools, and to treat only those patients who are the least likely to recover spontaneously.The diagnosis of AOM, especially in young children, is often difficult and inadequate (4,12,33,42). Previous studies have shown that physicians are uncertain of the diagnosis in 40% of cases (31), and general practitioners are more likely to diagnose AOM than are otorhinolaryngologists (4). Furthermore, about 49 to 88% ...

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“…The pneumococcal urinary antigen test is useful tool for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia (2,3). Moreover, the usefulness of this test for the diagnosis of pneumococcal infections other than pneumonia such as acute otitis media, pericarditis, and bacteremia has been reported (4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Psoas Abscess in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disclosing Positivity of Pneumococcal Urinary Antigen Assay

et al. 2011

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A 53-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with a 3-day history of fever and coughing. Diagnosis of pneumococcal bronchitis was made based on symptoms and positivity of pneumococcal urinary antigen test. On day 3, severe low back pain acutely occurred. Pneumococcal vertebral osteomyelitis and psoas abscess was diagnosed 17 days later by yield of penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae strain in blood cultures and drainage fluid. Although pneumococcal urinary antigen test is a useful tool for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia, we should consider the possibility of pneumococcal infections other than pneumonia or overwhelming bacteremia in immunosuppressive patients when urinary antigen test is positive.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae Antigen Test Using Positive Blood Culture Bottles as an Alternative Method To Diagnose Pneumococcal Bacteremia

Cited by 67 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of a Simple Blood Culture Amplification and Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Bacteremia

Evaluation of a Simple Blood Culture Amplification and Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Bacteremia

The Binax NOW Test as a Tool for Diagnosis of Severe Acute Otitis Media and Associated Complications

Pneumococcal Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Psoas Abscess in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disclosing Positivity of Pneumococcal Urinary Antigen Assay

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