<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> colonization of the nasopharynx is associated with increased severity during respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children

Brealey, Jaelle C.; Chappell, Keith J.; Galbraith, Sally; Fantino, Emmanuelle; Gaydon, Jane; Tozer, Sarah; Young, Paul R.; Holt, Patrick G.; Sly, Peter D.

doi:10.1111/resp.13179

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…34,35 In the present study, it was of significance to describe the circulation of EV 37 In addition, S. pneumoniae could be found to colonize the nasopharynx during RSV A/B infection in young children, which was associated with increased severity. 38 In accordance, 82.6% of S. pneumoniae infections were coinfected with a respiratory virus in which RSV A/B was the most identified pathogen.…”

Section: Children With Rv and Rsvmentioning

confidence: 89%

Demographic and seasonal characteristics of respiratory pathogens in neonates and infants aged 0 to 12 months in the Central‐East region of Tunisia

Khalifa

Hannachi

Guerrero

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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Background This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology of pathogenic respiratory agents in patients aged 0 to 12 months and hospitalized for acute respiratory infections in Tunisia between 2013 and 2014. Methods A total of 20 pathogens, including viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae , and Streptococcus pneumoniae , were detected using molecular sensitive assays, and their associations with the patient’s demographic data and season were analyzed. Results Viral infectious agents were found in 449 (87.2%) of 515 specimens. Dual and multiple infectious agents were detected in 31.4% and 18.6% of the samples, respectively. Viral infection was predominant in the pediatric environment (90.8%, P < 0.001), male patients (88.0%), and spring (93.8%). Rhinovirus was the most detected virus (51.8%) followed by respiratory syncytial virus A/B (34.4%), coronavirus group (18.5%), adenovirus (17.9%), and parainfluenza viruses 1‐4 (10.9%). Respiratory Syncytial virus A/B was significantly associated with gender (38.0% male cases vs 28.3% female cases, P = 0.02). Infections by Adenovirus , Bocavirus , and Metapneumovirus A/B increased with increasing age of patients (predominated cases aged 6‐12 months, P < 0.001). S. pneumoniae was detected in 30.9% of th tested samples. In 18.2% of the negative viral infections, only S. pneumoniae was identified. Conclusion A predominance of the rhinovirus infection was observed in this study. Coronavirus subtypes were described for the first time in Tunisia. The observed different pathogenic profiles across age groups could be helpful to avoid the misclassification of patients presenting with ARIs at the triage level when no standardized protocol is available. This study will provide clues for physicians informing decisions regarding preventive strategies and medication in Tunisia.

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Section: Children With Rv and Rsvmentioning

confidence: 89%

Demographic and seasonal characteristics of respiratory pathogens in neonates and infants aged 0 to 12 months in the Central‐East region of Tunisia

Khalifa

Hannachi

Guerrero

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…At this stage, it is not clear if the bacterial findings from the nasopharynx reflect the lower airways or only represent localized expansion in unwell individuals. 7 The work by Brealey et al 9 builds on previous studies by showing that the combination of RSV and S. pneumoniae is associated with more severe ARIs. Further defining the entity of viral and bacterial infection will require longitudinal studies with control subjects and ideally imaging/sampling of the lower respiratory tract as well as relevant animal models.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…At this stage, it is not clear if the bacterial findings from the nasopharynx reflect the lower airways or only represent localized expansion in unwell individuals . The work by Brealey et al . builds on previous studies by showing that the combination of RSV and S. pneumoniae is associated with more severe ARIs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Emerging role of viral and bacterial co‐infection in early childhood

King

Buttery

2017

Respirology

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“…Since Spn plays an essential role in secondary bacterial infections following viral pneumonia or viral-bacterial co-infection [15,18], animal modeling for understanding viralbacterial co-infections is crucial to investigating therapeutics that combat both. Moreover, most studies have concentrated on influenza and Spn co-infections but mainly in murine models with few mechanistic studies done in humans other than the calculation of frequencies of coinfections with these two pathogens [19][20][21]. Despite the importance of RSV/Spn co-infections, far fewer studies in this area as compared to influenza/Spn have been done.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAESEROTYPE 22F INFECTION IN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTED NEONATAL LAMBS ENHANCES MORBIDITY

Alnajjar

Sitthicharoenchai

Gallup

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary cause of viral bronchiolitis resulting in hospitalization and a frequent cause of secondary respiratory bacterial infection, especially by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) in infants. While murine studies have demonstrated enhanced morbidity during a viral/bacterial co-infection, human meta-studies have conflicting results. Moreover, little knowledge about the pathogenesis of emerging Spn serotype 22F, and especially the co-pathologies between RSV and Spn is known. Here, colostrum-deprived neonate lambs were divided into four groups. Two of the groups were nebulized with RSV M37, and the other two groups mock nebulized. At day 3 post-infection, one RSV group (RSV/Spn) and one mocknebulized group (Spn only) were inoculated with Spn intratracheally. At day 6 post-infection, bacterial/viral loads were assessed along with histopathology and correlated with clinical symptoms. Lambs dually infected with RSV/Spn had higher RSV titers, but lower Spn.Additionally, lung lesions were observed to be more intense in the RSV/Spn group characterized by increased interalveolar wall thickness accompanied by neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration.Despite lower Spn in lungs, co-infected lambs had more significant morbidity and histopathology, which correlated with a different cytokine response. Thus, enhanced disease severity during dual infection may be due to lesion development and altered immune responses rather than bacterial counts.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization of the nasopharynx is associated with increased severity during respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children

Abstract: Co-detection of RSV and S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx was associated with more severe ARI, suggesting that S. pneumoniae colonization plays a pathogenic role in young children.

Cited by 60 publications

References 44 publications

Demographic and seasonal characteristics of respiratory pathogens in neonates and infants aged 0 to 12 months in the Central‐East region of Tunisia

Demographic and seasonal characteristics of respiratory pathogens in neonates and infants aged 0 to 12 months in the Central‐East region of Tunisia

Emerging role of viral and bacterial co‐infection in early childhood

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAESEROTYPE 22F INFECTION IN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTED NEONATAL LAMBS ENHANCES MORBIDITY

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