<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>: Description of the Pathogen, Disease Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention

Bridy-Pappas, Angela E.; Margolis, Marya B; Center, Kimberly J.; Isaacman, Daniel J.

doi:10.1592/phco.2005.25.9.1193

Cited by 97 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…In adults, risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage include cigarette smoking, asthma, and acute upper respiratory infection [6]. In children, colonisation may persist for a mean of 4 months, but this is much shorter in adults, usually 2 to 4 weeks [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Abscess Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae: A Case Series and Brief Review of the Literature

Nicolini¹,

Cillóniz

Senarega³

et al. 2014

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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Anaerobes used to be the most common cause of community-acquired lung abscess, and Streptococcus species used to be the second most common cause. In recent years, this has been changing. Klebsiella pneumoniae is now an increasing cause of community-acquired lung abscess, but Streptococcus species continue to be major pathogens. Necrotizing pneumonia has generally been regarded as a rare complication of pneumococcal infection in adults. Type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae was the single most common type implicated in necrosis; however, many other serotypes were implicated. This entity predominately infects children, but is present also in adults. Lung abscess in adults due to Streptococcus pneumoniae is not common. In this regard we present a case series of pulmonary cavitation due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and discuss the possible pathogenic mechanism of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Abscess Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae: A Case Series and Brief Review of the Literature

Nicolini¹,

Cillóniz

Senarega³

et al. 2014

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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“…The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of this micro-organism has further underlined the need for providing effective prophylactic vaccination (Bridy-Pappas et al, 2005;Lynch & Zhanel, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulation, occurrence and putative role of the Pht family of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Rioux¹,

Neyt²,

Paolo³

et al. 2011

Microbiology

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Restricted to the genus Streptococcus, the Pht protein family comprises four members: PhtA, PhtB, PhtD and PhtE. This family has the potential to provide a protein candidate for incorporation in pneumococcal vaccines. Based on sequence analysis and on RT-PCR experiments, we show here that the pht genes are organized in tandem but that their expression, except that of phtD, is monocistronic. PhtD, PhtE, PhtB and PhtA are present in 100, 97, 81 and 62 % of the strains, respectively, and, by analysing its sequence conservation across 107 pneumococcal strains, we showed that PhtD displays very little variability. To analyse the physiological function of these proteins, several mutants were constructed. The quadruple Pht-deficient mutant was not able to grow in a poor culture medium, but the addition of Zn 2+ or Mn 2+ restored its growth capacity.Moreover, the phtD mRNA expression level increased when the culture medium was depleted in zinc. Therefore, we suggest that these proteins are zinc and manganese scavengers, and are able to store these metals and to release them when the bacterium faces an ion-restricted environment. The data also showed that this protein family, and more particularly PhtD, is a promising candidate to be incorporated into pneumococcal vaccines.

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“…Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are common causes of community-acquired infections and account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide (3)(4)(5)(6). Nasal S. aureus colonization and nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae colonization serve as the major source for person-to-person spread and as the source for endogenous invasive disease (1,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bactericidal Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Cocolonized versus Noncocolonized Children

et al. 2008

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is bactericidal to Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. To determine whether this in vitro effect accounts for the inverse relation between S. pneumoniae and S. aureus colonization reported in previous epidemiologic studies, we compared S. pneumoniae and S. aureus strains from cocolonized children to those from noncocolonized children. Cocolonizing pneumococci were less bactericidal and cocolonizing staphylococci less susceptible to this effect; however, the magnitude of the effect was small. Thus, in vitro killing is not the major determinant of the pattern of cocolonization.Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are common causes of community-acquired infections and account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide (3-6). Nasal S. aureus colonization and nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae colonization serve as the major source for person-to-person spread and as the source for endogenous invasive disease (1,15).Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between S. aureus and S. pneumoniae carriage in children (2,7,10,14). These findings have raised concerns that widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines may lead to an increased incidence of S. aureus morbidity (13). We recently studied the direct in vitro effect of S. pneumoniae on S. aureus, using a few laboratory and clinical strains and their variants. We have reported that S. pneumoniae is bactericidal to S. aureus and that the bactericidal factor is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) (11). We observed that different streptococcal species exhibit a variable bactericidal activity and that different staphylococcal species exhibit variable susceptibility to this effect.The aim of this study was to assess whether variability in bactericidal activity of S. pneumoniae strains and/or variability in susceptibility of S. aureus strains to this effect could predict the pattern of S. aureus and S. pneumoniae cocolonization. All strains tested in this study were collected in our previously reported epidemiologic study that assessed the association between nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae and nasal carriage of S. aureus (10). In the original study, nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs were separately obtained from children aged 40 months or younger, on a single occasion. The study population was not vaccinated against S. pneumoniae, as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was not registered in Israel at the time of the study. Nasopharyngeal swabs were streaked onto tryptic soy agar plates supplemented with 5% sheep blood and 5 g/ml gentamicin. Colonies that were alpha-hemolytic and susceptible to optochin were identified as S. pneumoniae. Nasal swabs were streaked on tryptic soy agar plates supplemented with 5% sheep blood. S. aureus was identified by morphology, beta-hemolysis, catalase, DNase, and coagulase. All isolated strains were stored at Ϫ80°C.For the present study, we randomly picked 27 S. pneumoniae strains isolated from cocolonized children and 30 strains isolated from children colonized only wi...

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Streptococcus pneumoniae: Description of the Pathogen, Disease Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention

Cited by 97 publications

References 124 publications

Lung Abscess Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae: A Case Series and Brief Review of the Literature

Lung Abscess Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae: A Case Series and Brief Review of the Literature

Transcriptional regulation, occurrence and putative role of the Pht family of Streptococcus pneumoniae

In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bactericidal Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Cocolonized versus Noncocolonized Children

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