Su(m)imasen and gomen nasai

Abstract

This paper investigates Japanese apology expressions, particularly the co-occurrence of su(m)imasen and gomen nasai with various linguistic devices (i.e. adverbs, interjections, conjunctions, etc.) in social interactions. Differing from previous research, the present research focuses on (1) the linguistic devices cooccurring with the apology expression, (2) their relation to the interactional functions the expressions serve in situated contexts, (3) their roles within discourse and the effect they produce, and (4) the way the speaker expresses his or her emotional attitude through these linguistic devices. To this end, data was collected from Japanese television dramas, and the linguistic devices marking su(m)imasen and gomen nasai, adverbial forms and interjections that were most encountered were examined. The analysis revealed that the co-occurrences with the apology expressions do influence or change the entire meaning of the utterance.

The speech act of apologising in Japanese online communication

“…In Japan, one stream of research has analysed the use of specific apologetic expressions such as gomen 'sorry (NON POLITE)' (Hidaka, 2019), gomen-nasai 'sorry (POLITE)' (Sandu, 2012(Sandu, , 2013Hidaka, 2017), and sumimasen 'sorry (POLITE)' (Ide, 1998;Miyake, 1993Miyake, , 1994Sandu, 2013), shedding some light on the multiple functions they serve in spontaneous conversations, especially in the co-occurrence with thanks. Sumimasen 'sorry (POLITE, literal meaning 'it is not finished')' is, above all, the most studied IFID in the literature, and other apology expressions have been left largely unexplored.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Molecular Docking Studies of Phenothiazine Derivatives – A Green Chemical Approach

“…It was proposed that structural changes, primarily through replacement at the nitrogen atom, could improve its cytotoxicity in a targeted manner. [7] Tricyclic heterocycles, like phenothiazine, are perennially significant sources of scaffolding for the development of anti-cancer drugs. [8][9][10] Due to electron-rich heteroatoms like sulphur and nitrogen, phenothiazine compounds can donate electrons.…”

“…One of these, the phenothiazine heterocycle, is a component with diverse physiologic action that has been shown to be cytotoxic to several cancer lines. It was proposed that structural changes, primarily through replacement at the nitrogen atom, could improve its cytotoxicity in a targeted manner [7] . Tricyclic heterocycles, like phenothiazine, are perennially significant sources of scaffolding for the development of anti‐cancer drugs [8–10] …”