Syzygium AromaticumAlleviates Cerium Chloride-Induced Neurotoxic Effect In The Adult Mice

Abstract

Previous studies have brought to light the toxic effect of cerium chloride (CeCl) but very little is known about the oxidative brain injury caused by this metal. Medical plants have a well-recognized role in the management of damage caused by pollutants such as CeCl. Syzygium aromaticum, a potent natural source of bioactive compounds and rich in secondary metabolites, has a broad range of biological functions. The aim of this study is to investigate the capacity of Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract (ESA) to improve the adverse effects of CeCl in the brain tissue. Adult mice were exposed to CeCl (20 mg/kg body weight [BW]), with or without ESA, for 60 days. We investigate mice's behavior, damages of cholinergic system and oxidative stress parameters in mice brain. In the present study, in vitro test confirmed that ESA has antioxidant capacity attributed to the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins contents. In vivo study showed that CeCl caused brain injuries manifested in memory impairment, increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid, proteins, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems), and histopathological alteration in brain tissue. Addition of ESA repaired memory impairment, decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, restored oxidative state, and prevented histopathological alteration. In conclusion, the experimental results showed the protective effects of ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum against cerium-induced brain damage.

Ameliorative role of Syzygium aromaticum aqueous extract on synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity, oxidative stress parameters, and behavioral changes in lead‐induced neurotoxicity in mice

“…Studies have been showed that ESA has been used as antibiotic in the treatment of scabies, cholera, malaria, and tuberculosis (Cortés‐Rojas et al, 2014). It is harnessed used for the treatment of various ailments including cardiovascular defects, tumor, and psychological disorders (Bhowmik et al, 2012; El‐Saber Batiha et al, 2020; Kadri et al, 2019). It can also penetrate the blood–brain barrier and play an effective antioxidant function in the CNS (Cortés‐Rojas et al, 2014; El‐Saber Batiha et al, 2020).…”

“…Thus the obtained dried extracts were stored at 4 °C in labeled and stored in sterile bottles (Engida et al, 2013). The dose of Syzygium aromaticum was chosen in accordance with Kadri et al (2019).…”

Roles of Syzygium in Anti-Cholinesterase, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant: From Alzheimer’s Perspective

“…Further fractionation revealed that polar bioactive constituents (tannins and polyphenols) were accountable for the enzyme inhibition. It is noteworthy that the ethanol bud extract from S. aromaticum corrected the AchE rate in cerium chloride (CeCl 3 )-induced memory-impaired mice [ 42 ]. This study revealed a clear association between memory and AchE activity, where improved cholinergic neural transmission alleviated the state of memory in mice.…”

“…They not only scavenge free radicals but also provide protective effects against other toxicities. For example, CeCl 3 -induced neurotoxicity in the brains of rats was improved by the antioxidant capacity of S. aromaticum to restore RIS levels, which alleviated the cholinergic neural transmission and the state of memory in mice [ 42 ]. In another study, the ability of antioxidants to maintain genomic stability and slow down aging was demonstrated in the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode model [ 85 ].…”

“…In aluminium chloride (AlCl 3 )-induced neurotoxic rats, the bud extract restored the brain ions homeostasis and oxidative level [ 46 ]. The bud extract of S. aromaticum also restored oxidative stress biomarkers, reduced AChE activity, and improved memory impairment in CeCl 3 -induced AD rats [ 42 ]. An improvement in the symptoms of retracted neurons with condensed chromatin undergoing necrosis or apoptosis and vacuolated space was observed in the brain tissues.…”