<i>Tepakiphasma ngatikuri</i>, a new genus and species of stick insect (Phasmatodea) from the Far North of New Zealand

Buckley, Thomas R.; Bradler, Sven

doi:10.1080/00779962.2010.9722200

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The male genitalic complex is generally considered to be a phylogenetically informative character system for insects (Song & Bucheli, ; Helm et al , ) and provides strong phylogenetic signal within Phasmatodea at multiple taxonomic levels (Bradler, ; Buckley & Bradler, ; Buckley et al , ; Gottardo, ). In fact, it was the specific structure of the male postgenitalic claspers of Leprocaulinus that prompted Hennemann & Conle () to re‐evaluate the systematic placement of the genus and to eventually transfer it to Lonchodinae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular phylogeny of Phasmatodea with emphasis on Necrosciinae, the most species‐rich subfamily of stick insects

Bradler

Robertson

Whiting

2014

Systematic Entomology

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The phasmatodeans or stick and leaf insects are considered to be a mesodiverse insect order with more than 3000 species reported mainly from the tropics. The stick insect subfamily Necrosciinae comprises approximately 700 described species in more than 60 genera from the Oriental and Australian region, forming the most species‐rich subfamily traditionally recognized within Phasmatodea. However, the monophyly of this taxon has never been thoroughly tested and the evolutionary relationships among its members are unknown. We analyse three nuclear (18S and 28S rDNA, histone 3) and three mitochondrial (CO II, 12S and 16S rDNA) genes to infer the phylogeny of 60 species of stick insects that represent all recognized families and major subfamilies sensu Günther and the remarkable diversity within Necrosciinae. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques largely recover the same substantial clades, albeit with highly discordant relationships between them. Most members of the subfamily Necrosciinae form a clade. However, the genus Neohirasea – currently classified within Lonchodinae – is strongly supported as subordinate to Necrosciinae, whereas Baculofractum, currently classified within Necrosciinae, is strongly supported within Lonchodinae. Accordingly, we formally transfer Neohirasea and allied taxa (namely Neohiraseini) to Necrosciinae sensu nova (s.n.) and Baculofractum to Lonchodinae s.n. We also provide further evidence that Leprocaulinus, until recently recognized as Necrosciinae, belongs to Lonchodinae, and forms the sister taxon of Baculofractum. Furthermore, Lonchodinae is paraphyletic under exclusion of Eurycantha and Neopromachus. We reinstate the traditional view that Neopromachus and related taxa (Neopromachini sensu Günther) are a subgroup of Lonchodinae and transfer those taxa + the New Guinean Eurycanthinae accordingly. Morphological evidence largely corroborates our molecular‐based findings and also reveals that Menexenus fruhstorferi is a member of the genus Neohirasea and is thus transferred from Menexenus (Lonchodinae) to Neohirasea, as Neohirasea fruhstorferi comb.n. (Necrosciinae s.n.). Other phylogenetic results include Areolatae and Anareolatae each supported as polyphyletic, Heteropteryginae and Lanceocercata (Bayesian analysis) are monophyletic, albeit with low support, and Necrosciinae s.n. and Lonchodinae s.n. are recovered as sister taxa (Bayesian analysis).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular phylogeny of Phasmatodea with emphasis on Necrosciinae, the most species‐rich subfamily of stick insects

Bradler

Robertson

Whiting

2014

Systematic Entomology

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“…Furthermore, most South Island populations were female‐only, while North Island populations had almost equal sex ratios – interpreted as resulting from southward colonisation of habitat during interglacials and a selective advantage for parthenogenesis at the invasion front. This pattern is virtually mirrored in another generalist parthenogenetic stick insect, Clitarchus hookeri (White), for which ENMs and mtDNA data also suggest refugia in northern North Island and eastern South Island (Buckley & Bradler ). Like A. horridus , northern populations of C. hookeri are sexual and genetically diverse, whereas southern populations are parthenogenetic and of low diversity (Buckley & Bradler ; Morgan‐Richards et al .…”

Section: Glacial Refugia In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This pattern is virtually mirrored in another generalist parthenogenetic stick insect, Clitarchus hookeri (White), for which ENMs and mtDNA data also suggest refugia in northern North Island and eastern South Island (Buckley & Bradler ). Like A. horridus , northern populations of C. hookeri are sexual and genetically diverse, whereas southern populations are parthenogenetic and of low diversity (Buckley & Bradler ; Morgan‐Richards et al . ,).…”

Section: Glacial Refugia In New Zealandmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evolution ofNewZealand insects: summary and prospectus for future research

2014

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Knowledge on the evolution of the New Zealand insect fauna is reviewed and outstanding questions are highlighted. The New Zealand insect fauna is a composite of old and recent lineages and many spectacular examples of evolutionary processes are evident, including species radiations, hybridisation and unusual adaptations. We discuss the origins and evolution of four prominent communities within the insect fauna: terrestrial lowland insects, alpine insects, aquatic insects and insect communities from offshore islands. Within each of these communities, significant lineages are discussed, and in particular the crucial adaptations that enable these lineages to thrive and diversify. Glacial history has had a dramatic impact on the New Zealand insects, and the effects on different lineages are discussed. The New Zealand insects are unique, yet many are threatened with extinction, and efforts to preserve the fauna are reviewed. Despite the accumulating knowledge, major gaps still exist and these are outlined, as are opportunities to address key questions. The review concludes with a synthesis and a discussion of how systematics, new technologies and integrative approaches have the promise to improve dramatically our understanding of New Zealand insect evolution.

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“…Tombolo sand formation reconnected these islands to become the continuous landmass of today (Isaac et al ., ). The formation of islands is partly responsible for the presence of numerous endemic taxa (Morgan‐Richards et al ., , Spencer et al ., ; Hare et al ., ; Buckley & Bradler, ; Ball et al ., ; Seldon et al ., ; Buckley & Leschen, ; Bennik et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and morphometric data demonstrate alternative consequences of secondary contact inClitarchusstick insects

Myers

Holwell

Buckley

2017

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Comparisons of independent secondary contact events provide insights into allopatric speciation. The geographic distribution of Clitarchus stick insects across northern New Zealand corresponds to islands that existed in the Pliocene. Subsequent joining to the mainland provided multiple opportunities for secondary contact. We address the hypothesis that secondary contact has similar effects on parental species, across two peninsulas, due to the simultaneous removal of allopatric barriers. Location Northland, New Zealand Methods We explore how genetic structure relates to morphological variation and biogeographical history of Clitarchus hookeri and C. tepaki. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to reconstruct phylogenetical relationships. Population structure was estimated using 14 microsatellite markers. We analysed genital morphology and genetic structure within a biogeographical context to identify the consequences of independent secondary contact events. Results Geographical patterns of genital shape indicate two independent hybrid swarms occur between C. hookeri and C. tepaki. Haplotype distributions and Bayesian cluster analyses reveal C. tepaki from the Aupouri Peninsula are distinguished from C. hookeri on the basis of both genetic structure and morphology. Clitarchus tepaki on the Karikari Peninsula did not group phylogenetically or through Bayesian clustering with C. tepaki from the Aupouri Peninsula. We observed a hybrid swarm along the Aupouri Peninsula. Main conclusions Clitarchus species were separated on Pliocene islands and then subsequently made independent secondary contact as land connections formed. Clitarchus tepaki on the Aupouri Peninsula maintained genetic integrity; whereas we hypothesize genetic swamping has occurred on Karikari Peninsula. Our data demonstrate different outcomes of independent secondary contact events.

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Tepakiphasma ngatikuri, a new genus and species of stick insect (Phasmatodea) from the Far North of New Zealand

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

A molecular phylogeny of Phasmatodea with emphasis on Necrosciinae, the most species‐rich subfamily of stick insects

A molecular phylogeny of Phasmatodea with emphasis on Necrosciinae, the most species‐rich subfamily of stick insects

Evolution ofNewZealand insects: summary and prospectus for future research

Genetic and morphometric data demonstrate alternative consequences of secondary contact inClitarchusstick insects

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