<i>Tetramitus thermacidophilus</i> n. sp., an Amoeboflagellate from Acidic Hot Springs

Baumgärtner, Manuela; Eberhardt, Silvia; Jonckheere, Johan F. De; Stetter, Karl O.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00390.x

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The morphological features of isolate MG4, including the amoeba-to-flagellate transformation, eruptive pseudopodia, flagellate form with both rostrum and cytostome, four flagella of equal length, neither uroidal filaments nor cyst pores, and thin endo-and ectocyst layers, are consistent with it being a member of the genus Tetramitus Robinson et al 2007) . The molecular phylogeny of the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 sequences, is strongly consistent with the morphological data, and place MG4 within a previously recovered subclade of Tetramitus that includes the strain regarded as T. rostratus (Baumgartner et al 2009;De Jonckheere 2007 Jonckheere and Brown (2005b) pointed out that the absence of the flagellate form is unreliable for discriminating taxa within the Heterolobosea due to the difficulty in inducing the transformation. On the transformation evidence alone, it would be inappropriate to determine that an amoeboflagellate Tetramitus species was clearly distinct from the Tetramitus species known only as amoebae.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

A New Heterolobosean Amoeboflagellate, Tetramitus dokdoensis n. sp., Isolated from a Freshwater Pond on Dokdo Island in the East Sea, Korea

Park

2017

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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The genus Tetramitus is a representative amoeboflagellate group within the Heterolobosea, and currently contains over a dozen species. Here, a new heterolobosean amoeboflagellate was isolated from a freshwater pond on Dokdo Island, Korea. The amoebae have eruptive pseudopodia, no uroidal filament, and a nucleus with a central nucleolus. The length and width of the amoebae are 15.5-28.0 μm and 5.4-12.6 μm, respectively. The flagellates are conical, with 4 flagella of equal length (~10 μm). There is a discrete rostrum in the subapical region of the flagellate form. The cyst has thin endo- and ectocyst layers and no cyst pores. The amoeba shows slow movement at 37 °C, but does not move at 42 °C under a light microscope. Phylogenies of the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 sequence show that the strain belongs to a subclade of Tetramitus that includes Tetramitus rostratus, Tetramitus waccamawensis and Tetramitus entericus, amongst others. Nonetheless, the strain is distinct from other species in both molecular phylogenetic trees. Thus the strain isolated from the Dokdo Island is proposed as a novel species, Tetramitus dokdoensis n. sp.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

A New Heterolobosean Amoeboflagellate, Tetramitus dokdoensis n. sp., Isolated from a Freshwater Pond on Dokdo Island in the East Sea, Korea

Park

2017

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…The most abundant OTU at Nymph Creek was 98% identical to the heterolobosean amoeba Tetramitus thermoacidophilus —an amoeboflagellate isolated from acidic hot springs in Italy and Kamchatka (Baumgartner et al, 2009). The Italian site where this amoeba was isolated was similar to Nymph Creek in being covered with Cyanidium -like algae and possessing a pH of 3, but was warmer in temperature at 72°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eukaryotic diversity at pH extremes

Amaral‐Zettler¹

2013

Front. Microbio.

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Extremely acidic (pH < 3) and extremely alkaline (pH > 9) environments support a diversity of single-cell and to a lesser extent, multicellular eukaryotic life. This study compared alpha and beta diversity in eukaryotic communities from seven diverse aquatic environments with pH values ranging from 2 to 11 using massively-parallel pyrotag sequencing targeting the V9 hypervariable region of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. A total of 946 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were recovered at a 6% cut-off level (94% similarity) across the sampled environments. Hierarchical clustering of the samples segregated the communities into acidic and alkaline groups. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis followed by indicator OTU analysis (IOA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were used to determine which characteristic groups of eukaryotic taxa typify acidic or alkaline extremes and the extent to which pH explains eukaryotic community structure in these environments. Spain's Rio Tinto yielded the fewest observed OTUs while Nebraska Sandhills alkaline lakes yielded the most. Distinct OTUs, including metazoan OTUs, numerically dominated pH extreme sites. Indicator OTUs included the diatom Pinnularia and unidentified opisthokonts (Fungi and Filasterea) in the extremely acidic environments, and the ciliate Frontonia across the extremely alkaline sites. Inferred from NMDS, pH explained only a modest fraction of the variation across the datasets, indicating that other factors influence the underlying community structure in these environments. The findings from this study suggest that the ability for eukaryotes to adapt to pH extremes over a broad range of values may be rare, but further study of taxa that can broadly adapt across diverse acidic and alkaline environments, respectively present good models for understanding adaptation and should be targeted for future investigations.

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“…Also taxa in the genus Tetramitus were described from extremely diverse environments such 432 as T. thermoacidophilus (Baumgartner et al 2009), which is an extreme thermophile (54 °C) 433 and acidophile (pH 1 to 5), while most of the closely related Tetramitus spp. grow under 434 'temperate' conditions.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Implications 362mentioning

confidence: 99%