<i>The Authors reply</i>: “Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry: gold standard for muscle mass?” by Scafoglieri et al.

Buckinx, Fanny; Landi, Francesco; Cesari, Matteo; Fieding, Roger A.; Visser, Marjolein; Engelke, Klaus; Maggi, Stefania; Dennison, Elaine; Al-Daghri, Nasser M.; Allepaerts, Sophie; Bauer, Jürgen; Bautmans, Ivan; Brandi, Maria Luisa; Bruyère, Olivier; Cederholm, Tommy; Cerreta, Francesca; Cherubini, Antonio; Cooper, Cyrus; Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J.; McCloskey, Eugène; Dawson‐Hughes, Bess; Kaufman, Jean; Laslop, Andrea; Pétermans, Jean; Reginster, Jean Yves; Rizzoli, René; Robinson, Siân; Rolland, Yves; Rueda, Ricardo; Vellas, Bruno; Kanis, John А.

doi:10.1002/jcsm.12329

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the present study, when analyzed individually, the relation of BMI with mortality and ALM/ht 2 with mortality was very strikingly similar. This may lead some to conclude that BMI is a surrogate measure of muscle mass, as DXA lean mass is often used as an approximation of muscle mass [34]. However, lean mass by DXA is not a direct measure of muscle mass [35] and is only modestly related to mortality in other projects [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Weight, BMI, Percent Fat and Associations with Mortality and Incident Mobility Limitation in Older Men

et al. 2021

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How different measures of adiposity are similarly or differentially related to mobility limitation and mortality is not clear. In total, 5849 community-dwelling men aged ≥65 years (mean age: 72 years) were followed mortality over 10 years and self-reported mobility limitations (any difficulty walking 2–3 blocks or with climbing 10 steps) at six contacts over 14 years. Baseline measures of adiposity included weight, BMI and percent fat by DXA. Appendicular lean mass (ALM, by DXA) was analyzed as ALM/ht2. Proportional hazards models estimated the risk of mortality, and repeated measures generalized estimating equations estimated the likelihood of mobility limitation. Over 10 years, 27.9% of men died; over 14 years, 48.0% of men reported at least one mobility limitation. We observed U-shaped relationships between weight, BMI, percent fat and ALM/ht2 with mortality. There was a clear log-linear relationship between weight, BMI and percent fat with incident mobility limitation, with higher values associated with a greater likelihood of mobility limitation. In contrast, there was a U-shaped relationship between ALM/ht2 and incident mobility limitation. These observational data suggest that no single measure of adiposity or body composition reflects both the lowest risk of mortality and the lowest likelihood for developing mobility limitation in older men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Weight, BMI, Percent Fat and Associations with Mortality and Incident Mobility Limitation in Older Men

et al. 2021

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“…Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), recognized as the gold standard for body composition assessment [ 36 , 37 ], was used to measure fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM). Prior to each measurement session, the DXA equipment (Hologic, Inc., Model Discovery QDR-Series-Wi; nª 84894, Marlborough, MA, USA) was calibrated to maintain the precision and accuracy of the scanner, with a certified clinical densitometrist (CM) performing all DXA data collection and analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent Exercise Training Combined with Nutritional Counselling Improves Physical Function, Biochemical and Anthropometric Profiles in Obese Children: A Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Aerobics or strength exercise plus diet interventions have been shown to counteract childhood obesity. However, little is known with regard to periodized multicomponent exercise interventions combined with nutritional counselling, which might be less demanding but more enjoyable and respectful of children and adolescents’ nature. In order to analyze the impact of such a multimodal approach, 18 obese children (10.8 ± 1.6 years; 63% females; z Body Mass Index 3 ± 0.4) trained for 60 min, twice weekly and were measured for body composition, biochemical parameters and physical function. We found that 16 weeks of multimodal intervention (14 of training), based on fun-type skill-learning physical activities and physical conditioning with challenging circuits and games, together with nutritional counselling, led to an attendance > 80%, with significant overall health improvement. Body composition was enhanced (p < 0.01 for z BMI, mid-upper-arm-circumference, waist-to-height ratio, tricipital and subscapular skinfolds, body-fat % by Slaughter equation and Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry body fat% and trunk fat%), as well as metabolic profile (LDL cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase , alanine aminotransferase ; p < 0.05), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p < 0.05) and inflammatory response (C-Reactive Protein; p < 0.05). Physical fitness was also improved (p < 0.01) through better cardiovascular test scores and fundamental movement patterns (Functional Movement Screen-7, FMS-4). Tailoring multimodal supervised strategies ensured attendance, active participation and enjoyment, compensating for the lack of strict caloric restrictions and the low volume and training frequency compared to the exercise prescription guidelines for obesity. Nutritional counselling reinforced exercise benefits and turned the intervention into a powerful educational strategy. Teamwork and professionals’ specificity may also be key factors.

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Concurrent strength and sprint training increases resting metabolic rate in masters road cyclists

Delvecchio

Reaburn

Meerkin³

et al. 2020

Mov Sport Sci/Sci Mot

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High-intensity concurrent sprint and strength training has been shown to provide a strong physiological training stimulus in young adult endurance athletes. However, the effect in veteran endurance athletes remains unknown. This study examined if replacing a portion of endurance training with concurrent sprint and strength training influenced resting metabolic rate (RMR) and lean mass (LM) in veteran endurance cyclists. Eighteen well-trained male veteran road cyclists (55.2 ± 8.4 years; 7.9 ± 1.1 training hrs/wk; 323 ± 53 Wpeak) were allocated to a concurrent strength and sprint training group (CT, n = 9) or control group (CON, n = 9). The CT group completed a 12-weeks of sprint and strength training while the CON group maintained their normal endurance training. RMR and LM were measured before and after the 12-week training intervention. CT training significantly (p < 0.05) increased both RMR (+14.2%, 1600 ± 244 to 1828 ± 207 kcal/day) and LM (+2.0%, 61.8 ± 5.5 to 63.1 ± 5.4 kg) pre to post-intervention. No significant changes from pre- to post-training were observed in the CON group. These findings suggest replacing a portion of endurance training with sprint and strength training may preserve, and even increase, LM and RMR in veteran road cyclists.

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The Authors reply: “Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry: gold standard for muscle mass?” by Scafoglieri et al.

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Body Weight, BMI, Percent Fat and Associations with Mortality and Incident Mobility Limitation in Older Men

Body Weight, BMI, Percent Fat and Associations with Mortality and Incident Mobility Limitation in Older Men

Multicomponent Exercise Training Combined with Nutritional Counselling Improves Physical Function, Biochemical and Anthropometric Profiles in Obese Children: A Pilot Study

Concurrent strength and sprint training increases resting metabolic rate in masters road cyclists

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