<i>The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life</i>. Richard J. Herrnstein , Charles Murray

Harris, Michael

doi:10.1086/602846

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The authors present many of their set-theoretic findings using Euler and Venn diagrams that visually illustrate patterns of spatial overlap and approximate subset/superset relations. These findings include the following: These kinds of findings are radically different from the correlational and net effects findings in the variable-oriented studies of Herrnstein and Murray (1994) and Fischer et al (1996). These set-theoretic findings are not intended to estimate the average effect of a change on a variable for poverty outcomes.…”

Section: Findings From Constructivist Set-theoretic Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The third section explores how set-theoretical analysis can be used to combine a constructivist ontology with scientific epistemology. A final section illustrates constructivist settheoretic analysis by comparing three studies focused on intelligence, race, and poverty in the United States: Herrnstein and Murray 1994, Fischer et al 1996, and Ragin and Fiss 2017.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Constructivist Set-Theoretic Analysis: An Alternative to Essentialist Social Science

Mahoney

2023

Philosophy of the Social Sciences

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Psychological essentialism is a cognitive bias through which human beings conceive the entities around them as having inner essences and basic natures. Social scientists routinely generate flawed inferences because their methods require the truth of psychological essentialism. This article develops set-theoretic analysis as a scientific-constructivist approach that overcomes the bias of psychological essentialism. With this approach, the “sets” of set-theoretic analysis are mental phenomena that establish boundaries and identify similarities and differences among entities whose natural kind composition is not known. The approach is illustrated through a consideration of research on intelligence, race, and poverty in the United States.

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Section: Findings From Constructivist Set-theoretic Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructivist Set-Theoretic Analysis: An Alternative to Essentialist Social Science

Mahoney

2023

Philosophy of the Social Sciences

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“…While some of these findings seem compelling, they have not gone unchallenged. Spurred on by Herrnstein and Murray's (1994) The Bell Curve, others have provided evidence that suggests that, even net of substantial controls for both background and ability, racial differences in earnings remain large and statistically significant (Raudenbush and Kasim 1998). Furthermore, recent work by Cawley et al (1996), Ashenfelter andRouse (1999), andCard andLimieux (1994) casts doubt on the as-sertion that unmeasured skills exert any substantial bias on earnings equations that include educational attainment, or that the returns to educational attainment are biased due to unmeasured skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure of Disadvantage: Individual and Occupational Determinants of the Black-White Wage Gap

Grodsky

Pager

2001

Am Sociol Rev

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This study is motivated by the idea that the racial gap in earnings is generated not only by individual differences but also by systematic variation in the occupational structure that attenuates or exacerbates the effects of race. Using data from the 1990 census and the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, a hierarchical linear modeling approach is employed that allows the simultaneous exploration of the mechanisms of income inequality operating both within and between occupations. Among private-sector employees, striking evidence shows that racial disparities increase in both absolute and percentage terms as one moves up the occupational earnings hierarchy. The association between average occupational earnings and within-occupation racial disadvantage reveals an overlooked source of racial earnings inequality which constrains the opportunities available to upwardly mobile black men in the private sector. This association cannot be explained by measured individual characteristics, or by the status, demographic composition, or skill demands of occupations. In the public sector, on the other hand, racial inequality in earnings is not systematically associated with average occupational earnings, and is instead more closely tied to individual human capital and occupational placement. The implications of these results are considered and directions for future research are suggested.

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“…The problem is that the theory of “disorganization,” which sought to remove pathology from analysis of social life, brought Moynihan and Frazier together. However, it resulted in creating a new pathology developed by right‐wing studies, including Herrnstein and Murray (1994) and Murray (1999) who promoted a pseudoscientific notion of a “new rabble” or “underclass” of the Black welfare mother who is defined as lacking intelligence and held up for vilification.…”

Section: E Franklin Frazier: “Earthy Brusqueness!”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Ethnographic Activists: Exploring Robert Park, Scientific Racism, The Chicago School, and FBI Files Through the Black Sociological Experience of Charles S. Johnson and E. Franklin Frazier

Blackman

2023

Symbolic Interaction

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Charles S. Johnson and E. Franklin Frazier were successful Black sociologists from the 1920s to 1960s, working in an age of scientific racism and eugenics, who battled racial oppression, racist discrimination, and surveillance under the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Both struggled within and against the assimilationist paradigm, yet their ethnographic and critical insights speak out today with continuing relevance in the fight against practical and institutional racial injustice. This study selectively examines Johnson and Frazier's academic careers as forgotten ethnographer activists who have been largely excluded from the dominant narrative of the Chicago School of Sociology. This article argues Robert Park offered opportunities to these Black scholars although the white university system exclusively directed their work towards race studies. Furthermore, the white discipline of sociology failed to recognize Johnson and Frazier's critical ethnographic studies as part of interactionism.

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The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. Richard J. Herrnstein , Charles Murray

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Constructivist Set-Theoretic Analysis: An Alternative to Essentialist Social Science

Constructivist Set-Theoretic Analysis: An Alternative to Essentialist Social Science

The Structure of Disadvantage: Individual and Occupational Determinants of the Black-White Wage Gap

Black Ethnographic Activists: Exploring Robert Park, Scientific Racism, The Chicago School, and FBI Files Through the Black Sociological Experience of Charles S. Johnson and E. Franklin Frazier

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