<i>The Classical Theory of Fields</i>

Landau, L.D.; Lifshitz, E.M.; Rarita, William

doi:10.1063/1.3067575

Cited by 1,361 publications

(531 citation statements)

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“…Optical gyroscopes are based on the phenomenon called the Sagnac effect that is the phase and frequency difference between clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) propagating laser beams in the same ring resonator due to rotation, originally introduced by Sagnac in 1913 [134][135][136][137]. It has become the basis for the operation of optical gyroscopes such as ring laser gyroscopes and fiber optic gyroscopes just after the invention of lasers and optical fibers in the 1970s [138][139][140][141][142].…”

Section: Application Of 2d Microcavity Laser Gyroscopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the general theory of relativity, the electromagnetic fields in a rotating resonant microcavity are subject to the Maxwell equations generalized to a non-inertial frame of reference in uniform rotation with angular velocity vector Ω Ω Ω [136,137,139,140]. Neglecting higher-order terms concerning rotation yields the following stationary wave equation in the case of the 2D resonant microcavity perpendicular to the angular velocity vector Ω Ω Ω:…”

Section: Application Of 2d Microcavity Laser Gyroscopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two‐dimensional microcavity lasers

Harayama¹,

Shinohara

2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

126

107

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Advances in processing technology, such as quantum-well structures and dry-etching techniques, have made it possible to create new types of two-dimensional (2D) microcavity lasers which have 2D emission patterns of output laser light although conventional one-dimensional (1D) edge-emitting-type lasers have 1D emission. Two-dimensional microcavity lasers have given nice experimental stages for fundamental researches on wave chaos closely related to quantum chaos. New types of 2D microcavity lasers also can offer the important lasing characteristics of directionality and high-power output light, and they may well find applications in optical communications, integrated optical circuits, and optical sensors. Fundamental physics of 2D microcavity lasers has been reviewed from the viewpoint of classical and quantum chaos, and recently developed theoretical approaches have been introduced. In addition, nonlinear dynamics due to the interaction among wave-chaotic modes through the active lasing medium is explained. Applications of 2D microcavity lasers for directional emission with strong light confinement are introduced, as well as high-precision rotation sensors designed by using wave-chaotic properties.A resonant mode of a stadium-shaped cavity showing wave chaos.

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Section: Application Of 2d Microcavity Laser Gyroscopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of 2d Microcavity Laser Gyroscopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐dimensional microcavity lasers

Harayama¹,

Shinohara

2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

126

107

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“…The corresponding potential (shown in Figure 4.16) and the related eigenfrequencies are different from the spherical case discussed in Section 4.2.5. The potential reads [56] in with and describing the density and aspect ratio of the charge distribution. Figure 4.16 shows contour plots of this potential for various aspect ratios .…”

Section: Ultrafast Collective Electron Dynamics In Composite Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Dynamics in Extended Systems

Saalmann

Rost

2014

Attosecond Nanophysics

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“…It is of great importance that one deals in this process with the coordinate synchronization, which has to be distinguished from the Einstein synchronization. The Einstein synchronization may be performed by displacing the clocks with direct comparison of their readings or by the transmission of electromagnetic signals between them (Landau and Lifshitz, 1975). It is well known that the Einstein synchronization cannot be attained for the whole Earth due to the Sagnac effect caused by the Earth's rotation.…”

Section: Basic Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relativistic time scales in the solar system

Brumberg

Kopejkin²

1990

Celestial Mech Dyn Astr

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This paper deals with a self-consistent relativistic theory of time scales in the Solar system based on the construction of the hierarchy of dynamically non-rotating harmonic reference systems for a four-dimensional space-time of general relativity. In our approach barycentric (TB) and terrestrial (TT) times are regarded as the coordinate times of barycentric (BRS) and geocentric (GRS) reference systems, respectively, with an appropriate choice of the units of measurement. This enables us to avoid some of the inconsistencies and ambiguities of the definitions of these scales as these are currently applied. International atomic time (TAI) is shown to be the physical realization of TT on the surface of the Earth. This realization is achieved by a specific procedure to average the readings of atomic clocks distributed over the terrestrial surface, all of them synchronized with respect to TT. Extending TAI beyond the Earth's surface may be performed along a three-dimensional hypersurface TT = eonst. The unit of measurement of TAI coincides with TB and TT units and is equal to the SI second on the surface of the geoid in rotation. Due to the specific choice of the units of measurement the TB scale differs from the TT (TAI) scale only by relativistic nonlinear and periodic terms resulting from the planetary and lunar theories of motion. The proper time z0 of any terrestrial observer coincides with the coordinate time z of the corresponding topocentric reference system (TRS) evaluated at its origin. Zo is reacted to TT (TAI) by the relativistic transformation involving the GRS velocity of the observer, its height above the geoid and the quadrupole tidal gravitational potential of the external masses. The impact of introducing TB and TT on the units of measurement of length and the basic astronomical constants is discussed.

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The Classical Theory of Fields

Cited by 1,361 publications

References 0 publications

Two‐dimensional microcavity lasers

Two‐dimensional microcavity lasers

Ultrafast Dynamics in Extended Systems

Relativistic time scales in the solar system

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