:<i>The Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries</i>

Monter, William; Ginzburg, Carlo; Tedeschi, John; Tedeschi, Anne

doi:10.2307/2541463

Cited by 40 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Patriarchy may have begun then with cattle owning and male meat elites with suffragette movements much later assisted by somewhat improved meat supplies in the mid-nineteenth century, at least in the west [262][263][264]. Extremes of misogyny including witchcraft may have had some basis in poor low meat diets with men even managing to blame women when supplies were poor [265][266][267][268]. Paradoxically war and fear of war can be good for women and babies treated as "undeserving"as it is realised that health of children is important to produce healthy soldiers although women then object as their sons are used as "cannon fodder" [269].…”

Section: Diet and The Patriarchy: Gender Heath Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Caste, Class, Race and Poverty – A Perspective from the Case of Pellagra

C. Williams,

Badenoch,

J. Hill

2024

Sustainable Development

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Pellagra is caused by a diet with little meat or milk and a reliance on maize. Pellagrins suffer from poor cognitive and social skills. Pellagra was cured with nicotinamide (vitamin B3) but before that pellagrins were considered inferior and dangerous degenerates and were known as the “Butterfly Caste” after the characteristic sunburn rash. Quests for meat drove the diaspora “out of Africa” with meat sharing being the social norm. After the domestication of animals “meat elites” across classes, castes, sexes and continents emerged. Nomads migrating to northern Europe created mixed pastoralist-farmer populations whose fermentation cultures and genetic innovations allowed lactose tolerance. Skin lightened as sunlight, needed to synthesise vitamin D. and sunburn was rare. Conquests encouraged their view that they were a superior race rather than that they were blessed with a superior diet. Ruling classes on a high meat diet combined forces with cereal dependant workers (with higher fertility) whilst the “lumpenproletariat” were economic vegetarians. Social contracts broke down with rebellions, but slaves, oppressed sharecroppers and refugees bore and bear the brunt of (subclinical)pellagra often in ex-colonial subjects—to whom dietary reparations could bridge international inequality gaps.

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Section: Diet and The Patriarchy: Gender Heath Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Caste, Class, Race and Poverty – A Perspective from the Case of Pellagra

C. Williams,

Badenoch,

J. Hill

2024

Sustainable Development

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“…Carlo Ginzburg argues that in medieval Europe, witchcraft was considered to be based on folk religion or "paganism" [2]. According to historians Apps Lara and Andrew Gow, the term "witch" broadly refers to accused pagans and people who were generally nonconformists in Christian European society, such as Jews [3].…”

Section: Witch Hatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design That Uses AI to Overturn Stereotypes: Make Witches Wicked Again

Feng¹,

Murakami²

2023

IJAIA

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The Witch is a typical stereotype-busting character because its description has changed many times in a long history. This paper is an attempt to understand the visual interpretations and character positioning ofthe Watch by many creators in different eras, AI is being used to help summarize current stereotypes in witch design, and to propose a way to subvert the Witch stereotype in current popular culture. This studyaims to understand the visual interpretations of witches and character positioning by many creators indifferent eras, and to subvert the stereotype of witches in current popular culture. This study provides material for future research on character design stereotypes, and an attempt is proposed to use artificialintelligence to break the stereotypes in design and is being documented as an experiment in how to subvertcurrent stereotypes from various periods in history. The method begins by using AI to compile stereotypical images of contemporary witches. Then, the two major components of the stereotype, "accessories" andappearance," are analyzed from historical and social perspectives and attributed to the reasons for theformation and transformation of the Witch image. These past stereotypes are designed using the design approach of "extraction" "retention" and "conversion.", and finally the advantages and disadvantages ofthis approach are summarized from a practical perspective. Research has shown that it is feasible to use AIto summarize the design elements and use them as clues to trace history. This is especially true forcharacters such as the Witch, who have undergone many historical transitions. The more changes thereare, themore elements can be gathered, and the advantage of this method increases. Stereotypes changeover time, and even when the current stereotype has become history, this method is still effective for newlycreated stereotypes.

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“…The same was true for the fight against the mafia (Sciascia 1989). At this level, witchcraft acted as a historical metaparadigm illustrating how social facts founded on mere conjectures have been stabilized by use of legal categories and repressive measures-as was the case for popular practices associated with witchcraft and witches, before being criminalized by the Inquisition (Ginzburg [1966(Ginzburg [ ] 1983[1976. In a similar fashion, mafiacraft aims to become an anthropological metaparadigm describing how a range of real and widespread illegal practices (i.e., aggression, extortion, smuggling, money laundering, fraud, murders), concealed by the government's complicity, have been tolerated or considered as more or less nonexistent by certain groups, and have been publicly "grouped" or "counted-as-one" by others, to borrow a famous concept from Alain Badiou ([1988Badiou ([ ] 2005.…”

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confidence: 99%

Invisible things

Puccio-Den¹

2019

HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

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:The Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Perspective Chapter: Caste, Class, Race and Poverty – A Perspective from the Case of Pellagra

Perspective Chapter: Caste, Class, Race and Poverty – A Perspective from the Case of Pellagra

Design That Uses AI to Overturn Stereotypes: Make Witches Wicked Again

Invisible things

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