<i>The Psychology of Affiliation: Experimental Studies of the Sources of Gregariousness.</i>Stanley Schachter

Hare, A. Paul

doi:10.1086/222700

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Social comparison assists individuals in assessing their own responses and behaviors and subsequently determining the appropriate emotional response. Schachter (1959) extended the social comparison theory by including the domain of fear and emotion by proposing, that "people facing novel threats prefer to affiliate with others facing the same situation for the purpose of emotional comparison in order to determine the appropriate emotional response" (Taylor et al, 2007, p. 265).…”

Section: The Role Of Peer Support In Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key Characteristics and Role of Peer Support in the Aftermath of Victimization: A Scoping Review

Ven

Leferink

Pemberton

2021

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Topic: Currently, research into the key elements and role of peer support in the aftermath of victimization is limited. This study reviews the types of evidence available, clarifying key concepts in the literature, examining how research is conducted and identifying key characteristics or factors related to peer support in the aftermath of a victimization experience. Method: A scoping review was performed for peer-reviewed papers using predefined search terms. Studies addressing peer support among victims and survivors of crime, traffic accidents, calamities, suicide, and veterans were included. Selection was based on title and abstract and resulted in 16 papers eligible for review. An inductive thematic analysis was used to synthesize data and findings. Findings: Empirical studies into the key elements and role of peer support in the aftermath of victimization are limited in availability and scattered in terms of approach to research (e.g., methodology, type of respondents, type of peer support) and focus (such as focus on effects on mental health and well-being, on key elements or an evaluation of a support program). Studies mainly have an explorative and interpretative character. Key elements, operationalizations, positive outcomes and negative outcomes of peer support are discussed. Conclusion and discussion: The currently available knowledge on peer support in the aftermath of victimization lacks four points: cross-cultural studies, lived experiences as empirical findings, a variety of victimization events and longitudinal studies. Moreover, it is argued that future research should be improved by adopting a contextual and narrative approach.

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Section: The Role Of Peer Support In Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key Characteristics and Role of Peer Support in the Aftermath of Victimization: A Scoping Review

Ven

Leferink

Pemberton

2021

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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“…When perceived similarity with less fortunate others leads to increases in perceived vulnerability, individuals often report increases in interpersonal affection (Mikulincer, Florian, & Hirschberger, 2003) and a greater affinity toward one's ingroup (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, Solomon, & Simon, 1994). Although the need for affiliation after threat may be self-serving (i.e., reduce personal anxiety; Schachter, 1959), forging a connection to other human beings is believed to be a most basic, powerful, and adaptive human motive (Baumeister & Leary, 1995), and seeking out such connections to others may have multiple positive effects.…”

Section: Collective Reactions To Downward Social Comparison Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The collective and compassionate consequences of downward social comparisons.

Wayment¹,

O’Mara²

2008

Transcending Self-Interest: Psychological Explorations of the Quiet Ego.

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“…Depending on personal and situational demands, emotional situations generate a search for similar or dissimilar individuals (Kulik & Mahler, 2000;Schachter, 1959Schachter, /1967see Delelis, 2002, for a review). The tendency to avoid or approach certain targets depends on individuals' subjective emotions but also on their beliefs and expectations, in particular those relating to the help these targets could provide them (see Wheeler, 2000).…”

Section: Search For Similarity or Dissimilaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, when positive distinctiveness is absent, a range of strategies (individual mobility, social creativity, social competition) may be used to achieve a more favourable in-group representation. In negative emotional situations (illness, bereavement, failure), individuals will seek social comparisons (Schachter, 1959(Schachter, /1967), but may occasionally seek difference rather than similarity, sometimes referred to as 'lateral' social comparison. Accordingly, they will sometimes be willing to compare themselves with dissimilar people, either with more unfortunate people (downward social comparison) or with more fortunate people (upward social comparison).…”

Section: Upward and Downward Social Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the ways in which emotions might feed into the ongoing interpersonal process and cause similar or opposed emotions in others are emotional contagion and reciprocity (Kulik & Mahler, 2000), and other people's appraisals of the situation (Schachter, 1959(Schachter, /1967. The interpersonal feedback loop would thus "tend to lead to escalation in the intensity of emotion over the course of certain kinds of interaction" (Parkinson, 1996, p. 669).…”

Section: Inter-group Emotions and Inter-group Behaviours Emotions Med...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-Group Interactions and Coping: Similar Processes. A Similar Base?

Delelis

Desombre

2005

Swiss Journal of Psychology

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This paper provides a brief review of the literature on inter-group relations and coping. It aims to try and bring together arguments for treating inter-group behaviours as coping activities. Differences and similarities between the two corpuses are considered. Some evidence for our proposal is also presented in terms of (a) search for similarity, (b) social comparison (and whether or not it is upward or downward comparison), and (c) links between emotions and inter-group relations. The concluding comments leave the matter open to further discussion and evidence but raise the question of the role of emotions and coping with those emotions in group-to-group positive and negative relations. We also raise the possibility that conflict management and resolution could operate as interventions based on cognitive-behavioural practices.

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The Psychology of Affiliation: Experimental Studies of the Sources of Gregariousness.Stanley Schachter

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

The Key Characteristics and Role of Peer Support in the Aftermath of Victimization: A Scoping Review

The Key Characteristics and Role of Peer Support in the Aftermath of Victimization: A Scoping Review

The collective and compassionate consequences of downward social comparisons.

Inter-Group Interactions and Coping: Similar Processes. A Similar Base?

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