Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus‐resistant tomato plants expressing the multifunctional N‐terminal domain of the replication‐associated protein show transcriptional changes resembling stress‐related responses

Abstract

SUMMARYThe N-terminal domain (amino acids 1-130) of the replicationassociated protein (Rep130) of Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) retains the ability of full-length Rep to localize to the nucleus and to down-regulate C1 transcription when ectopically expressed in plants, both functions being required to inhibit homologous viral replication. In this study, we analysed the effect of Rep130 expression on virus resistance and the plant transcriptome in the natural and agronomically important host species of TYLCSV, Solanum lycopersicum. Tomato plants accumulating high levels of Rep130 were generated and proved to be resistant to TYLCSV. Using an in vitro assay, we showed that plant-expressed Rep130 also retains the catalytic activity of Rep, thus supporting the notion that this protein domain is fully functional. Interestingly, Rep130-expressing tomatoes were characterized by an altered transcriptional profile resembling stress-related responses. Notably, the serine-type protease inhibitor (Ser-PI) category was over-represented among the 20 up-regulated genes. The involvement of Rep130 in the alteration of host mRNA steadystate levels was confirmed using a distinct set of virus-resistant transgenic tomato plants expressing the same TYLCSV Rep130, but from a different, synthetic, gene. Eight genes were found to be up-regulated in both types of transgenic tomato and two encoded Ser-PIs. Four of these eight genes were also up-regulated in TYLCSV-infected wild-type tomato plants. Implications with regard to the ability of this Rep domain to interfere with viral infections and to alter the host transcriptome are discussed.

Effect of Paecilomyces lilacinus on tomato plants and the management of root knot nematodes

“…The tomato belongs to the family Solanaceae and the species Solanum lycopersicum is a premier vegetable in Bangladesh and are widely cultivated (Lucioli et al, 2014). Regular outbreaks of root-knot nematode disease caused by Meloidogyne spp.…”

The NLR Protein Encoded by the Resistance Gene Ty-2 Is Triggered by the Replication-Associated Protein Rep/C1 of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

“…Multiple different amino acids are present in the Rep/C1 protein sequences of resistance-breaking TYLC(S)V strains compared to resistance-inducing TYLCV strains. The central part of Rep/C1, which approximately consists of amino acids 120 to 180, is known as a multitasking interactor domain (Fondong, 2013;Lucioli et al, 2014). Expression of the first 210 amino acids of TYLCSV Rep/C1, but not of only the first 130 amino acids, in tomato cultivar Moneymaker caused upregulation of genes related to the plant immune system and genes involved in the negative regulation of programmed cell death (Lucioli et al, 2016).…”

Isolation and characterization of Rep PepYLCV encoding gene from West Sumatra

“…The percentage of the amino acid sequence similarities of PepYLCV strains with N-terminal Replication initiation protein of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Sardinia (TYLCV) are shown in Table 1. Rep of TYLCV was used as a comparison because its tertiary structure has been and verified by X-ray crystallography known (Campos-Olivas et al, 2002).Also, its biological functions have determined experimentally (Lucioli et al, 2014).…”

“…Thus make the transgenic plant more susceptible to geminivirus infection. Another viral protein, N terminal domain of TYLC Rep protein was responsible for the host transcriptome profile alteration and may also alter the level of infection symptoms (Lucioli et al, 2014).…”