<i>TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2</i>, a Trichome and Seed Coat Development Gene of Arabidopsis, Encodes a WRKY Transcription Factor

Johnson, Cort; Kolevski, Ben; Smyth, David

doi:10.1105/tpc.001404

Cited by 706 publications

(588 citation statements)

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“…The members of this family (74 in Arabidopsis) have diverse biological functions ranging from stress responses to development [36]. Interestingly, the two developmental processes in which WRKY transcription factors are implicated are trichome development and senescence, and in both cases PCD is indispensable for the normal processes to occur [37,38]. In contrast with WRKYs, the involvement of DREB-like AP2 domain transcription factor and NAM transcription factors in PCD is not clear.…”

Section: Transcription Factors and The Global Transcriptional Reprogrmentioning

confidence: 91%

An extensive microarray analysis of AAL-toxin-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana brings new insights into the complexity of programmed cell death in plants

Gechev

Gadjev

Hille

2004

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

129

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An extensive microarray analysis of AAL-toxin-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana brings new insights into the complexity of programmed cell death in plants Gechev, T.S.; Gadjev, I.Z.; Hille, J. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Abstract. A T-DNA knockout of the Arabidopsis homologue of the tomato disease resistance gene Asc was obtained. The asc gene renders plants sensitive to programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by the fungal AAL toxin. To obtain more insights into the nature of AALtoxin-induced cell death and to identify genes of potential importance for PCD, we carried out transcription profiling of AAL-toxin-induced cell death in this knockout with an oligonucleotide array representing 21,500 Arabidopsis genes. Genes responsive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethylene were among the earliest to be upregulated, suggesting that an oxidative burst and production of ethylene played a role in the activation of the cell death. This notion was corroborated by induction of several genes encoding ROS-generating proteins, including a respiratory burst oxidase and germin oxalate oxi- CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61 (2004) 1185 -1197 1420-682X/04/101185-13 DOI 10.1007/s00018-004-4067-2 © Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2004 CMLS Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences dase. Cytochemical studies confirmed the oxidative burst and, in addition, showed synthesis of callose, a feature of the hypersensitive response. A diverse group of transcription factors was also induced. These events were followed by repression of most of the auxin-regulated genes known to be involved in growth and developmental responses. All photosynthesis-related genes were repressed. Blocking the synthesis of ethylene or NO significantly compromised cell death. In addition, we identified a heterogeneous group of early-induced genes, some of them never before associated with PCD. The group of earlyinduced genes included a number of proteases that were previously implicated in developmentally regulated types of PCD, suggesting a more principal role for these proteases in the PCD process. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant PCD.

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Section: Transcription Factors and The Global Transcriptional Reprogrmentioning

confidence: 91%

An extensive microarray analysis of AAL-toxin-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana brings new insights into the complexity of programmed cell death in plants

Gechev

Gadjev

Hille

2004

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

129

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“…Because TTG1 is thought to form a complex with R2R3 MYB and bHLH transcription factors, R2R3 MYB and bHLH genes are also likely to act upstream of TTG2, although this has not been demonstrated experimentally. TTG2 also shares some activity with GL2 in trichome development, because gl2 ttg2 double mutants had more severe defects than either of the single mutants (Johnson et al, 2002). However, compared with the well-analyzed genetic relationships among R2R3 MYB, R3 MYB, bHLH, WD40 (TTG1), and HD-ZIP (GL2) genes, the relationship between TTG2 and these regulatory genes is not yet clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The ttg2 mutant has apparent phenotypic defects in trichome development, proanthocyanidin and mucilage accumulation in seed coats, and integument cell elongation but not in differentiation into root hair or hairless cells (Johnson et al, 2002;Garcia et al, 2005). TTG2 encodes a WRKY transcription factor and is expressed in leaf blades, trichomes, developing seeds, and the N cells of roots (Johnson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TTG2 encodes a WRKY transcription factor and is expressed in leaf blades, trichomes, developing seeds, and the N cells of roots (Johnson et al, 2002). TTG2 expression was previously shown to be very weak or absent in the leaf blades and seed coats of ttg1-1 mutants, suggesting that TTG2 is downstream of TTG1 in the regulatory cascade (Johnson et al, 2002). Because TTG1 is thought to form a complex with R2R3 MYB and bHLH transcription factors, R2R3 MYB and bHLH genes are also likely to act upstream of TTG2, although this has not been demonstrated experimentally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arabidopsis TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2Is Directly Regulated by R2R3 MYB Transcription Factors and Is Involved in Regulation ofGLABRA2Transcription in Epidermal Differentiation

et al. 2007

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Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2) encodes a WRKY transcription factor and is expressed in young leaves, trichomes, seed coats, and root hairless cells. An examination of several trichome and root hair mutants indicates that MYB and bHLH genes regulate TTG2 expression. Two MYB binding sites in the TTG2 59 regulatory region act as cis regulatory elements and as direct targets of R2R3 MYB transcription factors such as WEREWOLF, GLABRA1, and TRANSPARENT TESTA2. Mutations in TTG2 cause phenotypic defects in trichome development and seed color pigmentation. Transgenic plants expressing a chimeric repressor version of the TTG2 protein (TTG2:SRDX) showed defects in trichome formation, anthocyanin accumulation, seed color pigmentation, and differentiation of root hairless cells. GLABRA2 (GL2) expression was markedly reduced in roots of ProTTG2:TTG2:SRDX transgenic plants, suggesting that TTG2 is involved in the regulation of GL2 expression, although GL2 expression in the ttg2 mutant was similar to that in the wild type. Our analysis suggests a new step in a regulatory cascade of epidermal differentiation, in which complexes containing R2R3 MYB and bHLH transcription factors regulate the expression of TTG2, which then regulates GL2 expression with complexes containing R2R3 MYB and bHLH in the differentiation of trichomes and root hairless cells.

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“…receptor protein kinases and NPR1) [52,53]. Besides participating plant defense response, WRKY transcription factors also involve in the regulation of several other developmental and physiological processes such as trichome initiation [55], senescence [50], carbohydrate anabolism and secondary metabolism [56,57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OsWRKY03, a rice transcriptional activator that functions in defense signaling pathway upstream of OsNPR1

et al. 2005

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WRKY family proteins are a class of plant specific transcription factors that involve in many stress response pathways. It has been shown that one Arabidopsis WRKY protein, AtWRKY29/22, is activated by MAP kinase signaling cascade and confers resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, little is known about the biological roles of WRKY proteins in rice. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of rice AtWRKY29/22 homolog, OsWRKY03, under different conditions, and also its possible role involved in plant defense. Our results showed that OsWRKY03 was up-regulated by several defense signaling molecules or different treatments. Further analysis revealed that the expression of OsWRKY03 was light dependent. Transcriptional activation activity of OsWRKY03 was also demonstrated by yeast functional assay. Transient expression of OsWRKY03-GFP fusion protein in onion epidermis cells showed that OsWRKY03 was a nuclear localized protein. OsNPR1 as well as several other pathogenesis-related genes, such as OsPR1b, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (ZB8) and peroxidase (POX22.3), were induced in OsWRKY03-overexpressing transgenic plants. These results indicated that OsWRKY03 is located upstream of OsNPR1 as a transcriptional activator in salicylic acid (SA)-dependent or jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defense signaling cascades.

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TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2, a Trichome and Seed Coat Development Gene of Arabidopsis, Encodes a WRKY Transcription Factor

Cited by 706 publications

References 62 publications

An extensive microarray analysis of AAL-toxin-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana brings new insights into the complexity of programmed cell death in plants

An extensive microarray analysis of AAL-toxin-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana brings new insights into the complexity of programmed cell death in plants

Arabidopsis TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2Is Directly Regulated by R2R3 MYB Transcription Factors and Is Involved in Regulation ofGLABRA2Transcription in Epidermal Differentiation

OsWRKY03, a rice transcriptional activator that functions in defense signaling pathway upstream of OsNPR1

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