Tremella-like Mo and N Codoped Graphitic Nanosheets by In Situ Carbonization of Phthalocyanine for Potassium-Ion Battery

Abstract

A tremella-like Mo and N codoped graphitic nanosheet array supported on activated carbon (Mo2C-MoC/AC-N) is prepared via in situ carbonization of nitrogen-rich cobalt phthalocyanine nanoparticulates anchored on activated carbon as a high-performance anode for potassium-ion batteries. The nanosheets about 5 nm thick are uniformly distributed on the surface of activated carbon for fast K-ion intercalation, and the abundant micropores in activated carbon provide additional adsorption sites of potassium ions, forming a three-dimensional architecture for potassium storage. The 3.9 atom % Mo in Mo2C-MoC/AC-N is in the form of Mo2C and MoC flakes (around 1:1) attached to the graphitic nanosheets. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the reaction with Mo2C (forming K2C) happens mainly at 0.8–0.4 V, while the reaction with MoC (forming K2C) occurs primarily at 0.4–0.01 V. The N doping (9.6 atom %) causes an interlayer spacing expansion of 0.3 Å in the graphitic nanosheets, beneficial to the potassium-ion insertion reaction to form KC8 at 0.4–0.01 V. The Mo2C-MoC/AC-N anode exhibits a capacity of 457.5 mA h g–1 at a current density of 0.05 A g–1 and an excellent capacity of 144.4 mA h g–1 at a high current of 5 A g–1 with a capacity loss rate of 0.49‰ per cycle.

High-Performance Anode Material Based on Zinc Naphthalocyanine/Graphene Composite

“…Metal naphthalocyanine is a large π-conjugated aromatic system that was originally used as pigment and is widely used in optical and electrical fields owing to its absorption characteristics in the near-infrared region. − Metal naphthalocyanine species comprise a central metal and ligand, which is obtained by adding four benzene rings to the phthalocyanine, and have a larger conjugated structure than those of phthalocyanines. Moreover, they are ideal precursors for N-doped C. , Monodispersed central metal ions prevent the agglomeration of metal-oxide particles during formation and cycling . Metal naphthalocyanine species show promise as sacrificial precursors with tunable functionalities to fabricate tailorable metal-oxide/carbon materials with unique structures in the construction of various architectured electrode materials for LIBs .…”

“…Moreover, they are ideal precursors for N-doped C. 18,19 Monodispersed central metal ions prevent the agglomeration of metal-oxide particles during formation and cycling. 20 Metal naphthalocyanine species show promise as sacrificial precursors with tunable functionalities to fabricate tailorable metal-oxide/ carbon materials with unique structures in the construction of various architectured electrode materials for LIBs. 21 Metaloxide microcrystals exhibit short Li + transport pathways, and the accessible surface area of the active materials is large.…”

Enhanced Stable and High Voltage of Li/SOCl2 Battery Catalyzed by FePc Particulates Fixed on Activated Carbon Substrates

“…6,16,26,27 However, the catalytic activity of conventional MPcs, including cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), iron phthalocyanine (FePc), nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) with bulk morphology is limited, far from the requirements of Li/SOCl 2 battery. 5,17,27,28 Several works have been shown that MPc with optimized substitutes, including MPcCl 4 , MPc-COOH, and nitrogen-rich MPc (e.g. metal tetrapyridinoporphyrazine (MTAP)) could achieve a higher activity due to more electrons contributed to the conjugate systems.…”