<i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>sensu lato consists of two cryptic species

Samuels, Gary J.; Ismaiel, Adnan; Bon, Marie‐Claude; Respinis, Sophie De; Petrini, Orlando

doi:10.3852/09-243

Cited by 118 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Both species are indistinguishable morphologically and are only known as saprophytes from agricultural soils, particularly from tropical regions (59). None of the isolates could be correctly identified morphologically, because they could not be distinguished from T. atroviride, T. harzianum, and T. strigosum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that no incongruence was observed, the different matrices were combined for the final phylogenetic analyses. Given the high genetic variability observed between the different clades and the in- ability to obtain a reliable alignment that included all of the species, the different Trichoderma clades were analyzed individually using different gene combinations according to previous phylogenetic studies (41,44,58,59): ITS, Tef1, and Chi18-5 for the clades Longibrachiatum and Harzianum and ITS, Tef1, and Act1 for the clades Viride, Hamatum, and Chlorospora. Analyses of the combined data set were performed using the same parameters mentioned above.…”

Section: T Citrinoviridementioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities

et al. 2014

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A set of 73 isolates of the emerging fungus Trichoderma isolated from human and animal clinical specimens were characterized morphologically and molecularly using a multilocus sequence analysis that included the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and fragments of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (Tef1), endochitinase CHI18-5 (Chi18-5), and actin 1 (Act1) genes. The most frequent species was Trichoderma longibrachiatum (26%), followed by Trichoderma citrinoviride (18%), the Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum species complex (15%), the newly described species Trichoderma bissettii (12%), and Trichoderma orientale (11%). The most common anatomical sites of isolation in human clinical specimens were the respiratory tract (40%), followed by deep tissue (30%) and superficial tissues (26%), while all the animal-associated isolates were obtained from superficial tissue samples. Susceptibilities of the isolates to eight antifungal drugs in vitro showed mostly high MICs, except for voriconazole and the echinocandins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T Citrinoviridementioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities

et al. 2014

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“…Strain PR11 of T. asperellum [Genebank number EF186002] was isolated in Cameroon from a soil sample taken from within the rhizosphere of cocoyam plants (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) with symptoms of root rot and conserved in national and international collections as described in Begoude et al, (2007). This strain was characterized molecularly (Samuels et al, 2010), and its antagonistic activity in relation to P. megakarya and Pythium myriotylum -the pathogens respectively responsible for cacao black pod disease and cocoyam root rot disease -was ascertained (Mbarga et al, 2012;Tondje et al, 2007).…”

Section: Fungal Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new oil-based formulation of Trichoderma asperellum for the biological control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

et al. 2014

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HIGHLIGHTS• New oil-based dispersion with a half-life of T. asperellum conidia of 22.5 weeks.• Complete inhibition of P. megakarya on sprayed detached pods.• Enhanced rate and duration of protection on sprayed cacao pods in the field.• 50% of pods protected 3.2 weeks after spraying in the field.• Formulation suitable for the spraying equipment of small-scale cacao producers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTFormulated conidia of Trichoderma provide similar or even better protection of cacao pods against black pod disease than a conventional fungicide. ABSTRACTIn African cacao-producing countries, control of cacao black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya is a priority. Introducing biological control agents as part of a P. megakarya control strategy is highly desirable, especially in a perspective of pesticide reduction. Trichoderma species are among the most used biological control agents. In Cameroon, Trichoderma asperellum formulated in wettable powder has produced positive effects against this disease. However, with this type of formulation, shelf-life and persistence of conidia on pods are limited. Our study therefore sought to develop a new T. asperellum formulation that would be more effective and better suited to the conditions of field application by small-scale producers in Cameroon. We selected a soybean oil-based oil dispersion, in which the half-life of the conidia reached 22.5 weeks, versus 5 weeks in Published in : Biological Control (2014), vol. 77, pp. 15-22 Status : Postprint (Author's version) aqueous suspension. Tested on detached pods, the formulation completely inhibited the development of the disease. When sprayed in the field on cacao clones highly sensitive to P. megakarya, the formulation resulted in 90% protection of treated pods after 1 week, and 50% after 3.2 weeks. The formulations exercised a measurable effect for up to 7 weeks, versus 2 weeks in the case of an aqueous conidial suspension and 5 weeks for that of a conventional fungicide (Kocide). Trichoderma asperellum formulated in oil dispersion has therefore great potential for the control of cacao black pod disease with less recourse to synthetic fungicides.

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“…comm. ), could be divided into two groups (A and B), which more recently have been described as separate species, T. asperellum and T. asperelloides respectively (Samuels et al, 2009(Samuels et al, , 2010. T. asperellum includes isolates from Brazil, Peru and Colombia originating in soils with poorly degraded materials such as fallen leaves or crop residuals in colder climate zones.…”

Section: Diversity Of Trichoderma In Tropical Americamentioning

confidence: 99%