<i>Trichoderma</i>as a Biocontrol Agent against<i>Sclerotinia</i>Stem Rot or White Mold on Soybeans in Brazil: Usage and Technology

Juliatti, F. C.; Rezende, Anakely Alves; Juliatti, Breno Cezar Marinho; Morais, Tâmara Prado de

doi:10.5772/intechopen.84544

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Several species of this genus are 'rhizosphere competent' and can also decompose polysaccharides, hydrocarbons, chlorophenolic compounds and the xenobiotic pesticides employed in cultivation [66]. The key biocontrol strategies that Trichoderma develops in direct conflict with fungal pathogens are mycoparasitism [67,68], competition [60] and antibiosis [69,70].…”

Section: Trichoderma-pathogen Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma: The “Secrets” of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent

Sood

Kapoor

Kumar

et al. 2020

Plants

400

235

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The plant-Trichoderma-pathogen triangle is a complicated web of numerous processes. Trichoderma spp. are avirulent opportunistic plant symbionts. In addition to being successful plant symbiotic organisms, Trichoderma spp. also behave as a low cost, effective and ecofriendly biocontrol agent. They can set themselves up in various patho-systems, have minimal impact on the soil equilibrium and do not impair useful organisms that contribute to the control of pathogens. This symbiotic association in plants leads to the acquisition of plant resistance to pathogens, improves developmental processes and yields and promotes absorption of nutrient and fertilizer use efficiency. Among other biocontrol mechanisms, antibiosis, competition and mycoparasitism are among the main features through which microorganisms, including Thrichoderma, react to the presence of other competitive pathogenic organisms, thereby preventing or obstructing their development. Stimulation of every process involves the biosynthesis of targeted metabolites like plant growth regulators, enzymes, siderophores, antibiotics, etc. This review summarizes the biological control activity exerted by Trichoderma spp. and sheds light on the recent progress in pinpointing the ecological significance of Trichoderma at the biochemical and molecular level in the rhizosphere as well as the benefits of symbiosis to the plant host in terms of physiological and biochemical mechanisms. From an applicative point of view, the evidence provided herein strongly supports the possibility to use Trichoderma as a safe, ecofriendly and effective biocontrol agent for different crop species.

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Section: Trichoderma-pathogen Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma: The “Secrets” of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent

Sood

Kapoor

Kumar

et al. 2020

Plants

400

235

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“…against various fungal plant pathogens like R. solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorium, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium spp. (Geistlinger et al, 2015;Juliatti et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Profiling Provides Insights Into Potential Antagonistic Mechanisms Involved in Chaetomium globosum Against Bipolaris sorokiniana

et al. 2020

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Chaetomium globosum Kunze is recognized as a potential biocontrol fungus against spot blotch of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. Its molecular mechanism of biocontrol activity and the biosynthetic pathways involved have not been yet elucidated. Here, global transcriptome profiling of C. globosum strain Cg2 during interaction with B. sorokiniana isolate BS112 using RNA-seq was performed in order to gain insights into the potential mechanisms of antagonism. The Illumina HiSeq platform (2 × 150 bp) yielded an average of 20–22 million reads with 50–58% GC. De novo assembly generated 45,582 transcripts with 27,957 unigenes. Transcriptome analysis displayed distinct expression profiles in the interaction (Cg2–BS112), out of which 6,109 unique differentially expressed genes were present. The predominant transcripts classified as genes involved in “catalytic activity” constituted 45.06%, of which 10.02% were associated with “hydrolytic activity” (GO:0008152), and similarly, in the biological process, 29.18% of transcripts were involved in “metabolic activity” (GO:0004096 and GO:0006979). Heat map and cluster categorization suggested an increase in the expression levels of genes encoding secondary metabolites like polyketide synthase (GO:0009058), S-hydroxymethyl glutathione dehydrogenase (GO:0006069), terpene cyclase (EC 4.2.3.-), aminotran_1_2 domain-containing protein (GO:0009058), and other hydrolytic CAZYmes such as the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family (GH 13, GH 2, GH 31, and GH 81; GO:0005975), cellulase domain-containing protein, chitinases, β-1, 3-glucanases (GO:0004565), glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (GO:0052861), and proteases (GO:0004177). The obtained RNA-seq data were validated by RT-qPCR using 20 randomly chosen genes, showing consistency with the RNA-seq results. The present work is worldwide the first effort to unravel the biocontrol mechanism of C. globosum against B. sorokiniana. It generated a novel dataset for further studies and facilitated improvement of the gene annotation models in the C. globosum draft genome.

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“…The mechanisms of activity present in Trichoderma include mycoparasitism, antibiosis, competition, induction of resistance, and plant growth promotion [27][28][29][30]. Mycoparasitism is the main mechanism employed against sclerotia in soil [31], although the benefits observed in the field probably result from a combination of all mechanisms acting in concert.…”

Section: Mechanisms Employed By Trichoderma Against Sclerotia Producersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system will be used here as a case study to exemplify the application of Trichoderma in the field. White mold is the second most important soybean disease in Brazil and causes between 20 and 30% of losses on average, but under some conditions may reach 70-100% [26,30,67]. Approximately 10 million ha of soil is infested by this pathogen in Brazil out of total 35.9 million ha devoted to soybean cultivation in the country [67].…”

Section: Field Trials and Uses In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Using Trichoderma to Manage Sclerotia-Producing Phytopathogenic Fungi

Rembinski¹,

Moreira²,

Souza³

et al. 2022

Trichoderma - Technology and Uses

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Sclerotia are resistance structures that allow several soil-borne plant pathogens to survive for extended periods of time. The white mold disease, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the stem rot in Allium spp., caused by Stromatinia cepivora are examples of destructive pathogens in which sclerotia are the central survival structure in their life cycle. In this chapter, we explore the information on the use of Trichoderma to manage sclerotia-producing pathogens in Brazil. There are 34 registered commercial products registered in Brazil, and most of them are recommended to manage sclerotia-producing fungi. The mechanisms of action of Trichoderma against these pathogens involve mainly mycoparasitism. The number of species employed as active ingredients of these commercial products is very limited, although many other species have shown a high potential against these pathogens. The white mold pathogen in soybean was taken as an example of field management, where the technical recommendations are detailed. This management involves other practices in addition to the application of Trichoderma in an integrated manner, and they are essential to manage this disease in the field in Brazil.

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Trichodermaas a Biocontrol Agent againstSclerotiniaStem Rot or White Mold on Soybeans in Brazil: Usage and Technology

Cited by 9 publications

References 59 publications

Trichoderma: The “Secrets” of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent

Trichoderma: The “Secrets” of a Multitalented Biocontrol Agent

Transcriptome Profiling Provides Insights Into Potential Antagonistic Mechanisms Involved in Chaetomium globosum Against Bipolaris sorokiniana

Using Trichoderma to Manage Sclerotia-Producing Phytopathogenic Fungi

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