<i>Trichoderma</i>
            as a human pathogen.

Lóránt, Hatvani; László, Manczinger; Vágvölgyi, Csaba; Kredics, László; Mukherjee, P. K.; Horwitz, Benjamin A.; Singh, U. S.; Mukherjee, Mala; Schmoll, Monika

doi:10.1079/9781780642475.0292

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, those authors' conclusions might have been biased, since in that study only six clinical isolates were included. More recently, several studies have emphasized the importance of this species as the causal agent of human infections (4,26,27). Three other species within the clade have been associated with human disease, i.e., T. citrinoviride, T. orientale, and T. reesei (21,27,40) The latter species has not been identified in this study, but the new species T. bissettii might be considered an opportunistic human pathogen of the Longibrachiatum clade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…DNA sequence analysis has helped clarify the taxonomy of Trichoderma, and several new species have been described based on multigene phylogenies (39,41,42). In the clinical setting, species identification has been based mainly on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences (8,23,28,40), although it has been shown that the use of this locus does not provide sufficient resolution to accurately distinguish closely related species (4,26,41,43). This, together with the poor in vitro activities of commonly used antifungals against Trichoderma isolates, is an impediment for the treatment of Trichoderma infections (11,43) and limits our understanding of the epidemiology of the species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichoderma infections in humans have been related with several risk factors, being associated mostly with peritoneal dialysis, organ transplantation, and hematologic disorders (4). They cause severe and persistent disseminated infections that usually fail to respond to treatment with amphotericin B (AMB) or voriconazole (VRC) (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Other diseases attributed to members of this genus are allergic and acute invasive sinusitis (10,11), keratitis (12), otitis externa (13), skin and subcutaneous infections (14), peritonitis (9,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), deep pulmonary infections (21)(22)(23), endocarditis (24), and brain abscess (25). Most infections are caused by Trichoderma longibrachiatum, which is recognized as the main human pathogen of the genus (4,11,26), but eight other species (i.e., T. atroviride, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. orientale, T. pseudokoningii, T. reesei, and T. viride) have also been reported occasionally (4,(26)(27)(28). On the other hand, data on animal infections by Trichoderma spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities

et al. 2014

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A set of 73 isolates of the emerging fungus Trichoderma isolated from human and animal clinical specimens were characterized morphologically and molecularly using a multilocus sequence analysis that included the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and fragments of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (Tef1), endochitinase CHI18-5 (Chi18-5), and actin 1 (Act1) genes. The most frequent species was Trichoderma longibrachiatum (26%), followed by Trichoderma citrinoviride (18%), the Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum species complex (15%), the newly described species Trichoderma bissettii (12%), and Trichoderma orientale (11%). The most common anatomical sites of isolation in human clinical specimens were the respiratory tract (40%), followed by deep tissue (30%) and superficial tissues (26%), while all the animal-associated isolates were obtained from superficial tissue samples. Susceptibilities of the isolates to eight antifungal drugs in vitro showed mostly high MICs, except for voriconazole and the echinocandins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities

et al. 2014

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“…Some species of this genus are clinically important (e.g. T. longibrachiatum and T. citrinoviride [13]) or harmful in the mushroom industry (e.g. T. aggressivum [16]), while others are used for the bioremediation of organic and inorganic wastes includ-Acta Biologica Hungarica 67, 2016 ribosomal fungal peptides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptaibol profiles of Iranian Trichoderma isolates

Tamandegani

Zafari

Marik

et al. 2016

Acta Biologica Hungarica

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Five Iranian Trichoderma isolates from species T. viride, T. viridescens, T. asperellum, T. longibrachiatumand T. citrinoviride -selected from the Fungal Collection of the Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran -were investigated for their peptaibol production. All examined isolates showed remarkable antibacterial activities during the screening of their extracts for peptaibol content with a Micrococcus luteus test culture. HPLC-ESI-IT MS was used for identification and elucidation of the amino acid sequences of peptaibols. The detected peptaibol compounds contain 20 or 18 amino acid residues and belong to the trichobrachin and trichotoxin groups of peptaibols, respectively. T. longibrachiatum and T. citrinoviride produced trichobrachins, while trichotoxins could be detected in T. viride, T. viridescens and T. asperellum. Out of 37 sequences detetermined, 26 proved to be new, yet undescribed compounds, while others were identified as previously reported trichotoxins (trichotoxin A-50s and T5D2) and trichobrachins (longibrachins AI, AII, AIII, BII and BIII). Compounds within the two groups of detected peptaibols differed from each other only by a single or just a few amino acid changes.

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Peptaibol, Secondary‐Metabolite, and Hydrophobin Pattern of Commercial Biocontrol Agents Formulated with Species of the Trichoderma harzianum Complex

Degenkolb¹,

Nielsen

Dieckmann³

et al. 2015

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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The production of bioactive polypeptides (peptaibiotics) in vivo is a sophisticated adaptation strategy of both mycoparasitic and saprotrophic Trichoderma species for colonizing and defending their natural habitats. This feature is of major practical importance, as the detection of peptaibiotics in plant-protective Trichoderma species, which are successfully used against economically relevant bacterial and fungal plant pathogens, certainly contributes to a better understanding of these complex antagonistic interactions. We analyzed five commercial biocontrol agents (BCAs), namely Canna(®) , Trichosan(®) , Vitalin(®) , Promot(®) WP, and TrichoMax(®) , formulated with recently described species of the Trichoderma harzianum complex, viz. T. afroharzianum, T. simmonsii, and T. guizhouense. By using the well-established, HPLC/MS-based peptaibiomics approach, it could unequivocally be demonstrated that all of these formulations contained new and recurrent peptaibols, i.e., peptaibiotics carrying an acetylated N-terminus, the C-terminus of which is reduced to a 1,2-amino alcohol. Their chain lengths, including the amino alcohol, were 11, 14, and 18 residues, respectively. Peptaibols were also to be the dominating secondary metabolites in plate cultures of the four strains obtained from four of the Trichoderma- based BCAs, contributing 95% of the UHPLC-UV/VIS peak areas and 99% of the total ion count MS peak area from solid media. Furthermore, species-specific hydrophobins, as well as non-peptaibiotic secondary metabolites, were detected, the latter being known for their antifungal, siderophore, or plant-growth-promoting activities. Notably, none of the isolates produced low-molecular weight mycotoxins.

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Trichoderma as a human pathogen.

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities

Phylogeny of the Clinically Relevant Species of the Emerging Fungus Trichoderma and Their Antifungal Susceptibilities

Peptaibol profiles of Iranian Trichoderma isolates

Peptaibol, Secondary‐Metabolite, and Hydrophobin Pattern of Commercial Biocontrol Agents Formulated with Species of the Trichoderma harzianum Complex

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