Tricholoma vaccinumhost communication during ectomycorrhiza formation

Abstract

The genome sequence of Tricholoma vaccinum was obtained to predict its secretome in order to elucidate communication of T. vaccinum with its host tree spruce (Picea abies) in interkingdom signaling. The most prominent protein domains within the 206 predicted secreted proteins belong to energy and nutrition (52%), cell wall degradation (19%) and mycorrhiza establishment (9%). Additionally, we found small secreted proteins that show typical features of effectors potentially involved in host communication. From the secretome, 22 proteins could be identified, two of which showed higher protein abundances after spruce root exudate exposure, while five were downregulated in this treatment. The changes in T. vaccinum protein excretion with first recognition of the partner were used to identify small secreted proteins with the potential to act as effectors in the mutually beneficial symbiosis. Our observations support the hypothesis of a complex communication network including a cocktail of communication molecules induced long before physical contact of the partners.

Hydrophobins in the Life Cycle of the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum

“…The genome sequence of T . vaccinum GK6514 [34] was used to obtain hydrophobin sequences from all strains (NCBI GenBank accession numbers: Supporting Table 2 in S1 File). …”

“…Here, we aimed at investigating differential expression of hydrophobins using of all nine hydrophobin genes of T . vaccinum [34]. The expression patterns allowed us to infer potential roles for each of the hydrophobins in this fungus which mainly grows as a dikaryon.…”

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“…Previous studies suggest enzymatic capabilities of symbiotic fungi such as ecto-ericoid mycorrhizal fungi to produce lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes (Wagner 2015). Furthermore, (Jumpponen and Trappe; have reported that the enzymatic capabilities of mycorrhizal fungi require lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes to facilitate penetration through host cell walls.…”

Influence of zygomycete‐derivedD'orenone onIAAsignalling inTricholoma‐spruce ectomycorrhiza

“…Peptide mass fingerprints and peptide fragmentation fingerprints were used for data analyses based on database constructed from the genome sequence of T. vaccinum (http://genome.jgi-psf.org, ID 59711, Wagner et al ., ) using P rotein S cape 3.0 (Protagen) in combination with mascot 2.3 (Matrix Sciences, U.K.) with following parameters: fixed modification for carbamidomethyl derivates and variable one for the oxidation of methionine, mass values monoisotopic, a peptide mass tolerance of 100 ppm and one missed cleavage. A significant Mascot score higher than 60 was required for successful protein identification.…”