Trichomonas vaginalisInfection in Male Sexual Partners: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Abstract

The majority of male partners of women with trichomoniasis were infected; however, few factors predicted infection. T. vaginalis causes a highly prevalent STI, necessitating vastly improved partner management, application of sensitive nucleic-acid based testing, and better clinical recognition.

CUA guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants

“…In another prospective study, uncircumcised male partners had a higher risk of T vaginalis infection compared to circumcised partners of T vaginalis infected women (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.2) [108]. Mycoplasma genitalium can cause urethritis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease.…”

Nichtvirale sexuell übertragene Infektionen – Epidemiologie, Klinik, Labordiagnostik und Therapie

“…In manchen tropischen Ländern sollen die Trichomonaden die häufigsten Erreger von genitalen Infektionen über-haupt sein. Betroffen sind überwiegend Erwachsene [46]. Selten sind Infektionen bei Neugeborenen (Übertragung der Erreger von der Mutter bei der Geburt des Kindes) [9].…”

Inducing Immune Protection Against Trichomonas vaginalis: A Novel Vaccine Approach to Prevent HIV Transmission

“…Side effects are minimal and more adverse effects are the result of very high dosage and longer duration (Lossik, 1990). Upon diagnosis and treatment -typically females are diagnosed as male partners are less likely to observe or report symptoms -it is encouraged that sexual partners be tested and treated in concert as often these individuals are infected as well (up to 70% of male partners are also infected as reported by PCR testing in Seña et al, 2007). The treatment of trichomoniasis with this drug is highly effective although 5-10% of T. vaginalis isolates exhibit some degree of resistance as assayed in vitro (Upcroft & Upcroft, 2001).…”

“…Ignoring the latter issue yet another problem arises. Diagnosis of cases investigated from clinical suspicion of trichomoniasis are at mercy of low sensitivity of current diagnostic standards as recent evaluations over the past decade have come to find (Lusk et al, 2010;Roth et al, 2011;Seña et al, 2007;Van Der Pol, 2007;Wendel et al, 2002). The most prevalent and most promising techniques will be reviewed below while a more detailed overview of guidelines for laboratory diagnosis and the methodology can be found in Domeika et al (2010).…”

“…These tests may be conducted years after sample collection depending on proper storage conditions unlike wet mount which results in much less sensitivity unless maintained under strict time and temperature conditions (Van Der Pol et al, 2006). Despite high sensitivity for both male and female samples (Seña et al, 2007), greater than wet mount and culture (Crucitti et al, 2003;Lusk et al, 2010;Roth et al, 2011), in the range of 70-98% and specificity from 94-100% (Huppert et al, 2007;Nye et al, 2009;Seña et al, 2007;Wendel et al, 2002) this method is problematic as it is not point of care and remains unconfirmed for use in clinical settings.…”