<i>Varroa destructor</i>feeds primarily on honey bee fat body tissue and not hemolymph

Ramsey, Samuel; Ochoa, Ronald; Bauchan, Gary R.; Gulbronson, Connor J.; Mowery, Joseph; Cohen, Allen Carson; Lim, David; Joklik, Judith; Cicero, Joseph M.; Ellis, Jamie; Hawthorne, David J.; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis

doi:10.1073/pnas.1818371116

Cited by 490 publications

(392 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…V. destructor jumped hosts from the Asian honeybee (Apis cerana) to the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) in the early 1900s (Wilfert et al 2016). It provided a new route of virus transmission in A. mellifera, directly transmitting viruses into the haemocoel (Ramsey et al 2019), leading to dramatic increases in prevalence and viral load, particularly for deformed wing virus (DWV), a single positive-stranded RNA virus (Martin et al 2012;Mondet et al 2014). DWV is a viral complex consisting of three characterised variants, DWV-A, DWV-B (also known as VDV-1) and DWV-C (Mordecai et al 2015), with only DWV-A and DWV-B previously found in UK and French bee populations (McMahon et al 2015;Wilfert et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knock‐on community impacts of a novel vector: spillover of emerging DWV‐B from Varroa‐infested honeybees to wild bumblebees

et al. 2019

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Novel transmission routes can directly impact the evolutionary ecology of infectious diseases, with potentially dramatic effect on host populations and knock‐on effects on the wider host community. The invasion of Varroa destructor, an ectoparasitic viral vector in Western honeybees, provides a unique opportunity to examine how a novel vector affects disease epidemiology in a host community. This specialist honeybee mite vectors deformed wing virus (DWV), an important re‐emerging honeybee pathogen that also infects wild bumblebees. Comparing island honeybee and wild bumblebee populations with and without V. destructor, we show that V. destructor drives DWV prevalence and titre in honeybees and sympatric bumblebees. Viral genotypes are shared across hosts, with the potentially more virulent DWV‐B overtaking DWV‐A in prevalence in a current epidemic. This demonstrates disease emergence across a host community driven by the acquisition of a specialist novel transmission route in one host, with dramatic community level knock‐on effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knock‐on community impacts of a novel vector: spillover of emerging DWV‐B from Varroa‐infested honeybees to wild bumblebees

et al. 2019

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“…In large part this is because these mites serve as a vector for a number of viral pathogens including: Deformed wing virus 7,11 , Israeli acute paralysis virus 12 , Acute bee paralysis virus, and Kashmir bee virus 13 . Varroa also compromises bee health by removing hemolymph 14 and feeding on bees' fat body tissue 15 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinome Analysis of Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Dark-Eyed Pupae Identifies Biomarkers and Mechanisms of Tolerance to Varroa Mite Infestation

Robertson¹,

Scruten

Mostajeran³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the mite Varroa destructor is a serious threat to honeybee populations. Selective breeding for Varroa mite tolerance could be accelerated by biomarkers within individual bees that could be applied to evaluate a colony phenotype. Previously, we demonstrated differences in kinase-mediated signaling between bees from colonies of extreme phenotypes of mite susceptibility. We expand these findings by defining a panel of 19 phosphorylation events that differ significantly between individual pupae from multiple colonies with distinct Varroa mite tolerant phenotypes. the predictive capacity of these biomarkers was evaluated by analyzing uninfested pupae from eight colonies representing a spectrum of mite tolerance. The pool of biomarkers effectively discriminated individual pupae on the basis of colony susceptibility to mite infestation. Kinome analysis of uninfested pupae from mite tolerant colonies highlighted an increased innate immune response capacity. The implication that differences in innate immunity contribute to mite susceptibility is supported by the observation that induction of innate immune signaling responses to infestation is compromised in pupae of the susceptible colonies. collectively, biomarkers within individual pupae that are predictive of the susceptibility of colonies to mite infestation could provide a molecular tool for selective breeding of tolerant colonies.Prioritizing bees at the dark-eyed pupae stage of development minimizes potential signaling variability arising from different castes or environmental influences in adult bees. All samples were analyzed within the same kinome assay to minimize technical effects due to inter-assay variability. Individual frozen pupae were placed in a sealed plastic bag in the presence of 300 μl of lysis buffer 25 . The pupae were pulverized with a rubber mallet and the resulting suspension was centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 10 min. Supernatants were used for kinome analysis 25 . Data analysis. The dataset for each array contains signal intensities associated with the nine technical replicates for each of the 299 peptides spotted on each array. Kinome data were processed through PIIKA 2, a pipeline for processing kinome array data 45 .Identification of peptide biomarkers of varroa mite susceptibility. A one-sided paired student's t-test of normal distribution was used to compare normalized signal intensity values for each of the 299 peptides of individual pupae (n = 5) representing the two high and low colony phenotypes of Varroa mite susceptibility. Specifically, mite tolerance was represented by pupae from the S88 (n = 3) and S23A (n = 2) colonies while mite susceptibility was represented by pupae from the G4 (n = 3) and S88-4 (n = 2) colonies in the absence of mite infestation. Peptides with significant (P-value < 0.01) differences in levels of phosphorylation between pupae of the two phenotypes were classified as potential biomarkers.

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“…While the causes of honey bee colony decline are complex [2], the ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor, represents a major threat to honey bee health [12,13]. In addition to weakening honey bees by feeding on body fat [14], the Varroa mite also vectors honey bee viruses [15][16][17][18][19][20], with the spread of the Varroa mite resulting in dominance of a more pathogenic Deformed wing virus (DWV) strain [16,21]. At least 24 honey bee-associated viruses have been reported [22], including seven viruses that are widespread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Lines for Honey Bee Virus Research

Guo

Goodman

Stanley

et al. 2020

Viruses

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With ongoing colony losses driven in part by the Varroa mite and the associated exacerbation of the virus load, there is an urgent need to protect honey bees (Apis mellifera) from fatal levels of virus infection and from the non-target effects of insecticides used in agricultural settings. A continuously replicating cell line derived from the honey bee would provide a valuable tool for the study of molecular mechanisms of virus-host interaction, for the screening of antiviral agents for potential use within the hive, and for the assessment of the risk of current and candidate insecticides to the honey bee. However, the establishment of a continuously replicating honey bee cell line has proved challenging. Here, we provide an overview of attempts to establish primary and continuously replicating hymenopteran cell lines, methods (including recent results) of establishing honey bee cell lines, challenges associated with the presence of latent viruses (especially Deformed wing virus) in established cell lines and methods to establish virus-free cell lines. We also describe the potential use of honey bee cell lines in conjunction with infectious clones of honey bee viruses for examination of fundamental virology.

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Varroa destructorfeeds primarily on honey bee fat body tissue and not hemolymph

Cited by 490 publications

References 66 publications

Knock‐on community impacts of a novel vector: spillover of emerging DWV‐B from Varroa‐infested honeybees to wild bumblebees

Knock‐on community impacts of a novel vector: spillover of emerging DWV‐B from Varroa‐infested honeybees to wild bumblebees

Kinome Analysis of Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Dark-Eyed Pupae Identifies Biomarkers and Mechanisms of Tolerance to Varroa Mite Infestation

Cell Lines for Honey Bee Virus Research

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