Vibrio cholerae was found in cultured bullfrog

Abstract

Bullfrog is one of the most important economic aquatic animals in China that is widely cultured in southern China and is a key breed recommended as an industry of poverty alleviation in China. During recent years, a fatal bacterial disease has often been found in cultured bullfrogs.The clinical manifestations of the diseased bullfrogs were severe intestinal inflammation and an anal prolapse. A bacterial pathogen was isolated from the diseased bullfrog intestines. The bacterium was identified as Vibrio cholerae using morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. In this study, V. cholerae was isolated and identified in diseased bullfrogs for the first time, providing a basis for the diagnosis and control of the disease. Therefore, .

Isolation, Identification, and Pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii, the Causal Agent of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in China

“…The gills, skin mucus, and viscera were microscopically examined for parasites. For bacterial isolation, liver, kidney, and ascites material from each moribund fish were inoculated in brain heart infusion (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) agar plates and incubated at 28 • C for 3 d. The dominant colonies with different morphological characteristics were collected and purified twice and then identified with the methods described in Section 2.4 [13]. According to the Gram staining instructions, the morphological characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria were observed under a light microscope.…”

“…After 24 h of inverted culture in a constant temperature incubator at 28 • C, the diameter of the inhibition zone was observed and recorded. The diameter of the inhibition zone was used as a judgment indicator, and the susceptibility of the pathogenic strains to the drugs was determined by referring to the drug-sensitive paper instructions [13].…”

Identification and Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Farmed American Bullfrogs ( Rana catesbeiana )

“…American bullfrog farming is intensive, with animal densities reaching 15 to 25 kg/m 2 in China ( 17 ). Due to this high-density farming coupled with environmental changes ( 18 , 19 ), a variety of pathogens have been reported to cause large-scale production losses of cultured bullfrogs, including Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( 20 ), ranavirus ( 21 ), Aeromonas hydrophila ( 22 ), Streptococcus iniae ( 23 ), Vibrio cholerae ( 24 ), and Elizabethkingia miricola ( 25 ). Bacterial pathogens in particular have become the focus of bullfrog breeding prevention and control.…”

Identification and pathogenicity of multidrug‐resistantElizabethkingia miricolaisolated from farmed American bullfrogsRana catesbeianain China with in vitro screening of herbal antimicrobial agents

“…The increased bullfrog meat consumption requires intensive frog production systems in which the animals are more susceptible to infectious diseases. Pathogenic microorganisms, such as Aeromonas hydrophila (Khalifa et al 2021), Vibrio cholerae (Yang et al 2022), Streptococcus agalactiae (Di et al 2022), Edwardsiella tarda (Mauel et al 2002), Pseudomonas spp. (Mauel et al 2002), and Elizabethkingia spp.…”