<i>Vibrio</i>–bivalve interactions in health and disease

Destoumieux-Garzón, D.; Canesi, Laura; Oyanedel, Daniel; Travers, Marie‐Agnès; Charrière, Guillaume M.; Pruzzo, Carla; Vezzulli, Luigi

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.15055

Cited by 88 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…In addition, all genera except Oceanospirillum overexpressed genes that included several nitrite and nitrate reductases (classified in “Precursor metabolite and energy production and conversion”), hydroxylamine reductases (classified in “Nitrogen compound metabolism”), and nitric-oxide reductase components (classified in “Stress response/ Nitrosative stress”), all of which could contribute to tolerance/resistance to reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RNS, like ROS, are important effectors of oyster immunity [38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A core of functional complementary bacteria infects oysters in Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome

Lucasson

Luo

Mortaza

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is one of the main cultivated invertebrate species around the world. Since 2008, oyster juveniles have been confronted with a lethal syndrome, Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS). The etiology of POMS is complex. Recently, we demonstrated that POMS is a polymicrobial disease. It is initiated by a primary infection with the herpesvirus OsHV-1 μ Var, and evolves towards a secondary fatal bacteremia that is enabled by the oyster’s immunocompromised state. In the present article, we describe the implementation of an unprecedented combination of metabarcoding and metatranscriptomic approaches to show that the sequence of events in POMS pathogenesis is conserved across infectious environments and susceptible oyster genetic backgrounds. We also identify a core colonizing bacterial consortium which, together with OsHV-1 μ Var, forms the POMS pathobiota. This bacterial core is characterized by highly active global metabolism and key adaptive responses to the within-host environment (e.g. stress responses and redox homeostasis). Several marine gamma proteobacteria in the core express different and complementary functions to exploit the host’s resources. Such cross-benefits are observed in colonization-related functions, and reveal specific strategies used by these bacteria to adapt and colonize oysters (e.g. adhesion, cell defense, cell motility, metal homeostasis, natural competence, quorum sensing, transport, and virulence). Interdependence and cooperation within the microbial community for metabolic requirements is best exemplified by sulfur metabolism, which is a property of the pathobiota as a whole and not of a single genus. We argue that this interdependence may dictate the conservation of the POMS pathobiota across distinct environments and oyster genetic backgrounds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A core of functional complementary bacteria infects oysters in Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome

Lucasson

Luo

Mortaza

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Galactose is a frequent component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer of many gram-negative bacteria, including well known oyster pathogens like Vibrio spp. (Destoumieux-Garzon et al, 2020). It has been established as a pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognized by C-type lectins in shellfish (Huang et al, 2013;Li et al, 2015), potentially suggesting a role in immune recognition of these genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and Transcriptomic Differentiation of Independent Invasions of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas

2020

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Upon colonizing new habitats, invasive species face a series of new selection pressures as a result of changing abiotic conditions and novel biotic interactions with native species. These new selection pressures can be accommodated by different mechanisms that act on different levels and across different time scales: (1) By changing transcriptomic profiles, species can react by plasticity within individual physiological limitations. (2) Invasive populations can adapt by fixing beneficial genetic variants in response to the newly encountered selection pressures. Here, we compare the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of two independent invasions of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) into the North Sea. In detail, we combine ddRAD sequencing on the genomic level with RNAseq on the transcriptomic level to reveal outlier loci (SNPs) indicative of adaptation, as well as transcriptomic profiles from a translocation experiment to show immediate physiological reactions between two populations characterizing the two independent invasions. Generally, we found low physical congruence between differentially regulated genes and outlier loci, indicating that different genes are involved on the different time scales. Functionally matching outlier loci and differentially expressed genes were however found for spliceosomal modification of mRNA and particularly for transposon activation, indicating that these variation creating processes might be connected across eco-physiological and evolutionary time scales. By contrasting and identifying functional congruence between population outlier loci and population specific transcriptomic profiles, we can thus reveal a glimpse at the traits and processes characterizing specific mechanisms involved in successful invasions.

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“…Most of the successful genera also express enzymes required for tolerance/resistance to oxidative stress. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) are major players at the oyster-microbiota interface ( 56 ). Thus, it is not surprising that successful colonizers express ROS/RNS detoxifying enzymes during oyster colonization.…”

Section: Poms Is a Polymicrobial Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome, a Polymicrobial and Multifactorial Disease: State of Knowledge and Future Directions

et al. 2021

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The Pacific oyster (Crassostreae gigas) has been introduced from Asia to numerous countries around the world during the 20th century. C. gigas is the main oyster species farmed worldwide and represents more than 98% of oyster production. The severity of disease outbreaks that affect C. gigas, which primarily impact juvenile oysters, has increased dramatically since 2008. The most prevalent disease, Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), has become panzootic and represents a threat to the oyster industry. Recently, major steps towards understanding POMS have been achieved through integrative molecular approaches. These studies demonstrated that infection by Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 µVar (OsHV-1 µvar) is the first critical step in the infectious process and leads to an immunocompromised state by altering hemocyte physiology. This is followed by dysbiosis of the microbiota, which leads to a secondary colonization by opportunistic bacterial pathogens, which in turn results in oyster death. Host and environmental factors (e.g. oyster genetics and age, temperature, food availability, and microbiota) have been shown to influence POMS permissiveness. However, we still do not understand the mechanisms by which these different factors control disease expression. The present review discusses current knowledge of this polymicrobial and multifactorial disease process and explores the research avenues that must be investigated to fully elucidate the complexity of POMS. These discoveries will help in decision-making and will facilitate the development of tools and applied innovations for the sustainable and integrated management of oyster aquaculture.

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Vibrio–bivalve interactions in health and disease

Cited by 88 publications

References 185 publications

A core of functional complementary bacteria infects oysters in Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome

A core of functional complementary bacteria infects oysters in Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome

Genomic and Transcriptomic Differentiation of Independent Invasions of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas

The Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome, a Polymicrobial and Multifactorial Disease: State of Knowledge and Future Directions

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