<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>
            T6SS2 effector repertoires

Tchelet, Daniel; Keppel, Kinga; Bosis, Eran; Salomon, Dor

doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2178795

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Consistent with this finding, proteins encoded by T6SS1 have elevated DistC, while proteins encoded by T6SS2 have low DistC. Notably, the annotated T6SS2 island appears to be restricted to the T6SS secretion machinery, auxiliary, and regulatory proteins, with identified effector immunity pairs residing outside of the T6SS2 genomic neighborhood ( 66 ). The T6SS2 includes a single hypothetical protein of unknown function (VPA1024).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Insights into virulence: structure classification of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD mobilome

Kinch,

Schaeffer,

Zhang

et al. 2023

mSystems

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( Vpar ) is a major cause of seafood-related gastroenteritis. A pandemic strain, RIMD2210633 (RIMD), has emerged from ancestors due to virulence mechanisms acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Mobile genetic elements play an essential role in RIMD pathogenicity, but they evolve rapidly and are challenging for sequence-based homology detection and functional inference. Guided by the Evolutionary Classification of protein Domains (ECOD), we utilized structure-assisted homology detection of high-quality AlphaFold models for RIMD proteins to augment their functional interpretation. This approach detected 7,107 domains from 3,970 RIMD proteins and classified them into the ECOD hierarchy, providing functional insights into 80% of the proteome. RIMD proteins originating from HGT were identified by comparison against 86 complete proteomes of other Vpar strains. The resulting RIMD mobilome is enriched with phage markers and bacterial defense domains. Evolutionary classification of known HGT proteins suggests they provide selective advantages against the human host, phage, and other stresses. Compared to a pre-pandemic strain, we found fast-evolving proteins with potential involvement in RIMD virulence and phage avoidance. These findings provide vital insights into bacterial evolution, pathogenic mechanisms, and adaptation strategies while offering testable hypotheses for experimental studies and an online resource for future investigation of the RIMD proteome. IMPORTANCE The pandemic Vpar strain RIMD causes seafood-borne illness worldwide. Previous comparative genomic studies have revealed pathogenicity islands in RIMD that contribute to the success of the strain in infection. However, not all virulence determinants have been identified, and many of the proteins encoded in known pathogenicity islands are of unknown function. Based on the EOCD database, we used evolution-based classification of structure models for the RIMD proteome to improve our functional understanding of virulence determinants acquired by the pandemic strain. We further identify and classify previously unknown mobile protein domains as well as fast evolving residue positions in structure models that contribute to virulence and adaptation with respect to a pre-pandemic strain. Our work highlights key contributions of phage in mediating seafood born illness, suggesting this strain balances its avoidance of phage predators with its successful colonization of human hosts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Insights into virulence: structure classification of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD mobilome

Kinch,

Schaeffer,

Zhang

et al. 2023

mSystems

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“…Interestingly, in the case of V. parahaemolyticus the checkpoint is reliant on a single conserved effector rather than one of several loaded effectors as observed in the two previous examples [154]. Intriguingly, a single amino acid change in the DUF2345 domain of a VgrG protein from A.…”

Section: The Membrane Complexmentioning

confidence: 93%

Killing in the name of: T6SS structure and effector diversity

Allsopp

Bernal

2023

Microbiology

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The life of bacteria is challenging, to endure bacteria employ a range of mechanisms to optimize their environment, including deploying the type VI secretion system (T6SS). Acting as a bacterial crossbow, this system delivers effectors responsible for subverting host cells, killing competitors and facilitating general secretion to access common goods. Due to its importance, this lethal machine has been evolutionarily maintained, disseminated and specialized to fulfil these vital functions. In fact, T6SS structural clusters are present in over 25 % of Gram-negative bacteria, varying in number from one to six different genetic clusters per organism. Since its discovery in 2006, research on the T6SS has rapidly progressed, yielding remarkable breakthroughs. The identification and characterization of novel components of the T6SS, combined with biochemical and structural studies, have revealed fascinating mechanisms governing its assembly, loading, firing and disassembly processes. Recent findings have also demonstrated the efficacy of this system against fungal and Gram-positive cells, expanding its scope. Ongoing research continues to uncover an extensive and expanding repertoire of T6SS effectors, the genuine mediators of T6SS function. These studies are shedding light on new aspects of the biology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the T6SS, highlighting recent discoveries of its structure and the diversity of its effectors. Additionally, it injects a personal perspective on avenues for future research, aiming to deepen our understanding of this combative system.

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“…We and others previously showed that T6SS effector repertoires can be divided into core effectors present in all strains harboring the system and accessory effectors encoded only by a subset of strains [25,58,59]. Therefore, we sought to determine the distribution of CoVes in Vcor genomes.…”

Section: T6ss2 Effectors Are Differentially Distributed In Vibrio Cor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identifying effector homologs in Vibrio coralliilyticus genomes: BLASTP was employed to identify homologs of the T6SS2 effectors in Vcor genomes, as described previously [25]. The amino acid sequences of new CoVes from strains BAA-450 (WP_006957348.1, WP_006959328.1, WP_006959836.1, WP_006960006.1, WP_006961218.1, WP_006961766.1, WP_006962231.1, and WP_006962597.1) and OCN008 (WP_141650583.1) were used as queries.…”

Section: Identifying T6ss Gene Clusters In Vibrio Coralliilyticusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A T6SS in the coral pathogenVibrio coralliilyticussecretes an arsenal of anti-eukaryotic effectors and contributes to virulence

Mass,

Cohen,

Gerlic

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Vibrio coralliilyticus(Vcor) is a pathogen of coral and shellfish, leading to devastating economic and ecological consequences worldwide. Although rising ocean temperatures correlate with increasedVcorpathogenicity, the specific molecular mechanisms and determinants contributing to virulence remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically analyzed the type VI secretion system (T6SS), a contact-dependent toxin delivery apparatus, inVcor. We identified two omnipresent T6SSs that are activated at temperatures in whichVcorbecomes virulent; T6SS1 is an antibacterial system mediating interbacterial competition, whereas T6SS2 mediates anti-eukaryotic toxicity and contributes to mortality during infection of an aquatic model organism,Artemia salina. Using comparative proteomics, we identified the T6SS1 and T6SS2 toxin arsenals of threeVcorstrains. Remarkably, T6SS2 secretes at least nine novel anti-eukaryotic toxins comprising core and accessory repertoires. We propose that T6SSs differently contribute toVcor's virulence: T6SS2 plays a direct role by targeting the host, while T6SS1 plays an indirect role by eliminating competitors.

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus T6SS2 effector repertoires

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Insights into virulence: structure classification of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD mobilome

Insights into virulence: structure classification of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD mobilome

Killing in the name of: T6SS structure and effector diversity

A T6SS in the coral pathogenVibrio coralliilyticussecretes an arsenal of anti-eukaryotic effectors and contributes to virulence

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