Vitex ferrugineaSchumach. Et. Thonn. subsp.amboniensis(Gürke) Verdc.: glandular trichomes micromorphology, composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils

Abstract

Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjeo20 Vitex ferruginea Schumach. Et. Thonn. subsp. amboniensis (Gürke) Verdc.: glandular trichomes micromorphology, composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils Vitex ferruginea Schumach. Et. Thonn. subsp. amboniensis (Gürke) Verdc.: glandular trichomes micromorphology, composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils AbstractThe morphology and distribution of the glandular trichomes of Vitex ferruginea Schumach. et Thonn. subsp. amboniensis (Gürke) Verdc. from Mozambique were investigated as well as the chemical composition and the antifungal activity of its essential oil. Scanning electron microscopy of vegetative and reproductive organs revealed non-glandular and two types of glandular trichomes. Glandular trichome Type I has a multicellular head of eight cells and Type II a multicellular head of four cells. The oils obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils were rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, being germacrene D the major compound (26.8-34.9%). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were used to evaluate the antifungal activity against yeasts (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. guillermondii, C. krusei, Crytococcus neoformans), Aspergillus (A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus) and dermatophyte strains (Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum). The oils exhibited significant antifungal activity against dermatophyte strains with MIC between 0.16-0.64µL/mL.

Vitamin, Trace Element, and Fatty Acid Levels of Vitex agnus-castus L., Juniperus oxycedrus L., and Papaver somniferum L. Plant Seeds

“…Among them, it is commonly used in the treatment of menstrual disorders resulting from corpus luteum de�ciency, including premenstrual symptoms and spasmodic dysmenorrheal, for certain menopausal conditions, for insufficient lactation, and for the treatment of acne [5,6]. e fruits, �owers, and leaves of Vitex agnus-castus L. are reported to contain phenolic acids and their derivatives, �avonoids, tannins, iridoids, diterpenoids, and essential oil composition [7][8][9][10]. Juniperus oxycedrus L. is one of the most widespread species of the genus, with a range extending from Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, throughout Mediterranean Europe and Anatolia to the Caucasus and Iran.…”

Essential Oils and Biological Activities of the Genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) – A Review

“…Caryophyllene was identified as the major component of four Vitex species which are; V. limonifolia (Thailand) (Suksamrarn al., 1990), V. polygama (Brazil) (Leitao et al, 1999), V. rufescens (Brazil), and V. megapotamica (De Sena Filho et al, 2017). Besides, germacrene D was found in two different Vitex species which are; V. ferruginea (South Africa) (Cabral et al, 2008) and V. rivularis (Cameroon) (Cabral et al, 2009). In addition, the other sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were δ-cadinene (De Sena Filho et al, 2017), cis-calamenene (Vale et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2019;Pereira et al 2018), 6,9-guaiadiene (De Sena Filho et al, 2017, which were found in the leaf oil of Brazillian V. capitata, V. gardneriana, and V. gardneriana, respectively.…”

“…Table 1 shows the medicinal uses of several Vitex species. (Yoganarasimhan, 2000) V. buchananii Leaves To treat venereal diseases (Cabral et al, 2009) V. cannabifolia Fruits To treat analgesia, cough, used as anti-tussive (Yamasaki et al, 2008) V. congolensis Leaves To cure cicatrisation (Cabral et al, 2009) V. diversifolia Barks To cure tooth and skin diseases, headache, intestinal bilharzias (Zerbo et al, 2011) V. doniana Barks To treat gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and dysentery (Kilani, 2006) V. ferruginea Leaves To cure skin diseases, mouth sore, snake-bite (Cabral et al, 2008) V. gaumeri Leaves To treat colds, cough spelling, diarrhea, gastrointestinal affections (Damayanti et al, 1996) V. leucoxylon Leaves To relieve headache, catarac, as a medicinal bath for fever and anemia, reduced cholesterol, antiinflammatory (Makwana et al, 1994) V. lucens Leaves To relieve sprains, backache, treating ear ulcers, sore throats, for dead's people body wash (Dykgraaf, 1992) V. madiensis Leaves To treat skin disease (Cabral et al, 2009) V. madiensis Leaves To prevent malaria (Ondo et al, 2012) Nat. Volatiles & Essent.…”

“…The essential oil of V. ferruginea exhibited significant antifungal activity against dermatophyte strains with MIC between 0.16-0.64 μL/mL against Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and M. gypseum (Cabral et al, 2008). The essential oil of V. rivularis exhibited significant antifungal activity against dermatophyte strains (E. floccosum, T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, M. canis, and M. gypseum) with MIC and MLC values ranging from 0.16 to 0.64 μL/mL and 0.32 to 2.5 mL/mL, respectively (Cabral et al, 2009).…”

The genus Vitex: A review

“…The oils from glandular trichomes of V. ferruginea exhibited significant antifungal activity against dermatophyte strains with MIC between 0.16 and 0.64 μL/mL. [ 61 ]…”