Vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract and resveratrol alleviate bisphenol‐A‐induced metabolic syndrome: Biochemical and molecular evidences

Abstract

The mechanisms of bisphenol‐A (BPA)‐induced metabolic syndrome as well as the protective role of grape seed extract (GSE) and resveratrol were investigated. Rats were treated with BPA (0 and 35 mg·kg−1·day−1, gavage) plus resveratrol (25, 50, and 100 mg·kg−1·day−1, i.p.) or GSE (3, 6, 12 mg·kg−1·day−1, i.p.) or vitamin E (200 IU/kg/every other day, i.p.). After 2 months, mean systolic blood pressure, serum lipid profile, glycaemia, and fat index were examined. By enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, the serum concentrations of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and paraoxonase 1, and by real‐time polymerase chain reaction as well as western blotting, key liver elements in cholesterol hemostasis (LDLR, CYP7A1, ABCG5 and 8) and insulin signaling (p‐Akt/Akt and p‐PI3K/PI3K) were measured. BPA increased mean systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced paraoxonase1 and the hepatic expression of both ABCG5 and ABCG8. It increased the body fat index, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glycaemia level and decreased the hepatic protein expression of p‐Akt/Akt and p‐PI3K/PI3k. GSE, resveratrol, or vitamin E coadministration along with BPA restored the detrimental effects of BPA in some levels. Herein, the predisposing effects of BPA‐induced metabolic syndrome were restored by GSE and resveratrol, linked to the regulation of insulin signaling, ABCG8 expression, and their antioxidant properties.

Effects of Nigella sativa oil and thymoquinone against bisphenol A‐induced metabolic disorder in rats

“…Co‐administration of NSO or TQ with BPA ameliorates BPA adverse effects. Our results were in line with a previous study that BPA (35 mg/kg/day, gavage, 2 months) exposure in rats increased serum cholesterol, TG and LDL‐C amounts (Rameshrad et al, 2019). Moreover, it was observed that BPA treatment (30 mg/kg, oral, 6 weeks) induced lipid accumulation, altered hepatic enzymes such as ALT, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and caused histological changes in liver and heart tissue (Eweda, Newairy, Abdou, & Gaber, 2020).…”

“…Drugs were prepared just before the treatment. The appropriate dose of BPA (10 mg/kg, gavage) was selected referring to the pilot test and the former researches on this compound (Rameshrad et al, 2019).…”

“…BPA‐exposure (50, 500, 2,500, and 5,000 μg/kg/day, 3 months, orally) increased the serum level of IL‐6 and TNF‐α, inflammatory biomarkers, and disturbed the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (Haq, Akash, Rehman, & Mahmood, 2020). Moreover, BPA exposure could increase blood pressure, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glucose level and decreased the hepatic protein expression of p‐Akt/Akt and p‐PI3K/PI3K (Rameshrad, Razavi, Imenshahidi, & Hosseinzadeh, 2019).…”

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil: A Functional Food from the Winemaking Industry

“…The role of grape seed extracts in attenuating inflammation and delaying the development of Alzheimer’s or acting as a neuroprotection agent in Parkinson’s disease have been reported [ 68 , 69 ]. In rats and mice, grape seed extract was suggested to improve conditions associated with metabolic syndrome [ 70 , 71 , 72 ]. Grape seed extracts are also beneficial in bone healing [ 73 ], skin disorders [ 74 , 75 ], and show a photoprotector activity [ 76 ].…”

Potency of Selected Berries, Grapes, and Citrus Fruit as Neuroprotective Agents

“…e major antioxidant in grapes is attributed to 4 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine resveratrol, besides the phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, and their derivatives, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, catechin, and their derivatives [88,89]. Oral administration of grape seed polyphenolic extract inhibited Aβ peptide aggregation and oligomerization and attenuated cognitive deterioration in Tg2576 mice.…”