“…Yet, conceptual change is far from a guarantee, even in conceptual conflict based instructions (Kang, Scharmann, Kang, & Noh, ). A variety of factors can influence learning outcomes and learners' emotions are one of the major factors (Bellocchi & Ritchie, ; Chen et al, ; Chiu, Yu, Liaw, & Lin, ; Liaw, Chiu, & Chou, ; Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, ).…”